See βόθρος on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bothreúō",
"word": "βοθρεύω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bothríon",
"word": "βοθρῐ́ον"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bothroeidḗs",
"word": "βοθροειδής"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bothróō",
"word": "βοθρόω"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βόθρος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bedù",
"3": "",
"4": "sting, dig"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fodiō",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig"
},
"expansion": "Latin fodiō (“to dig”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "bedd",
"3": "",
"4": "canal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰedʰh₂-",
"3": "*bʰodʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*bodʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word and the synonymous βόθυνος (bóthunos) have been connected with Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”), Latin fodiō (“to dig”) and Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”). In order to explain the discrepancy between Greek β- and Latin f-, dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- to Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ- was assumed, or influence of βαθύς (bathús, “deep, profound”). Beekes prefers to derive the word from Pre-Greek; according to him, even the meaning suggests such origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bóthros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ βόθρος",
"roman": "ho bóthros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βόθρω",
"roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ βόθροι",
"roman": "hoi bóthroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ βόθρου",
"roman": "toû bóthrou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
"roman": "toîn bóthroin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν βόθρων",
"roman": "tôn bóthrōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ βόθρῳ",
"roman": "tôi bóthrōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
"roman": "toîn bóthroin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς βόθροις",
"roman": "toîs bóthrois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν βόθρον",
"roman": "tòn bóthron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βόθρω",
"roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς βόθρους",
"roman": "toùs bóthrous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρε",
"roman": "bóthre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρω",
"roman": "bóthrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"roman": "bóthroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βόθρου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "βόθρος • (bóthros) m (genitive βόθρου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βόθρος",
"2": "ου",
"form": "M"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hole, trench or pit dug in the ground"
],
"id": "en-βόθρος-grc-noun-KpcTjVRT",
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hollow, cavity"
],
"id": "en-βόθρος-grc-noun-vqLNEnEs",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in general) hollow, cavity"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bó.tʰros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bó.tʰros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbo.tʰros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "βόθρος"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰedʰh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to pierce, to dig"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce, to dig”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βαθύς",
"3": "",
"4": "vertically distant (high/deep)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “vertically distant (high/deep)”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantically similar to Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce, to dig”), however, the expected outcome of this root in Greek would be **πόθρος (**póthros) (based on Grassmann's law). Pre-Greek origin or influence from Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “vertically distant (high/deep)”) are possible alternatives.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vóthros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "βόθροι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "βόθρος • (vóthros) m (plural βόθροι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "βόθροι"
},
"expansion": "βόθρος • (vóthros) m (plural βόθροι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βόθρος",
"2": "βόθροι",
"3": "βόθρου",
"4": "βόθρων",
"5": "βόθρο",
"6": "βόθρους",
"7": "βόθρε",
"8": "βόθροι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cesspool, cesspit, septic tank"
],
"id": "en-βόθρος-el-noun-5tcUPQKB",
"links": [
[
"cesspool",
"cesspool"
],
[
"cesspit",
"cesspit"
],
[
"septic tank",
"septic tank"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "septic tank",
"roman": "siptikí dexamení",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σηπτική δεξαμενή"
}
]
}
],
"word": "βόθρος"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
"Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "bothreúō",
"word": "βοθρεύω"
},
{
"roman": "bothríon",
"word": "βοθρῐ́ον"
},
{
"roman": "bothroeidḗs",
"word": "βοθροειδής"
},
{
"roman": "bothróō",
"word": "βοθρόω"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βόθρος"
},
"expansion": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bedù",
"3": "",
"4": "sting, dig"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fodiō",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig"
},
"expansion": "Latin fodiō (“to dig”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "bedd",
"3": "",
"4": "canal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰedʰh₂-",
"3": "*bʰodʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*bodʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word and the synonymous βόθυνος (bóthunos) have been connected with Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”), Latin fodiō (“to dig”) and Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”). In order to explain the discrepancy between Greek β- and Latin f-, dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- to Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ- was assumed, or influence of βαθύς (bathús, “deep, profound”). Beekes prefers to derive the word from Pre-Greek; according to him, even the meaning suggests such origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bóthros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρου",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ὁ βόθρος",
"roman": "ho bóthros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βόθρω",
"roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "οἱ βόθροι",
"roman": "hoi bóthroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῦ βόθρου",
"roman": "toû bóthrou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
"roman": "toîn bóthroin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν βόθρων",
"roman": "tôn bóthrōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῷ βόθρῳ",
"roman": "tôi bóthrōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
"roman": "toîn bóthroin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖς βόθροις",
"roman": "toîs bóthrois",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὸν βόθρον",
"roman": "tòn bóthron",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ βόθρω",
"roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τοὺς βόθρους",
"roman": "toùs bóthrous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρε",
"roman": "bóthre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρω",
"roman": "bóthrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"roman": "bóthroi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βόθρου",
"2": "m",
"3": "second"
},
"expansion": "βόθρος • (bóthros) m (genitive βόθρου); second declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βόθρος",
"2": "ου",
"form": "M"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hole, trench or pit dug in the ground"
],
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hollow, cavity"
],
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in general) hollow, cavity"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bó.tʰros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bó.tʰros/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbo.tʰros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "βόθρος"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰedʰh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to pierce, to dig"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce, to dig”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βαθύς",
"3": "",
"4": "vertically distant (high/deep)"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “vertically distant (high/deep)”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantically similar to Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce, to dig”), however, the expected outcome of this root in Greek would be **πόθρος (**póthros) (based on Grassmann's law). Pre-Greek origin or influence from Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “vertically distant (high/deep)”) are possible alternatives.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vóthros",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "el-nM-ος-οι-2a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρος",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρου",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρων",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρο",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρους",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθρε",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "βόθροι",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"19": "",
"2": "nouns",
"20": "",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"23": "",
"24": "",
"25": "",
"26": "",
"27": "",
"28": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "βόθροι",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr2": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "βόθρος • (vóthros) m (plural βόθροι)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "βόθροι"
},
"expansion": "βόθρος • (vóthros) m (plural βόθροι)",
"name": "el-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "βόθρος",
"2": "βόθροι",
"3": "βόθρου",
"4": "βόθρων",
"5": "βόθρο",
"6": "βόθρους",
"7": "βόθρε",
"8": "βόθροι",
"note": ""
},
"name": "el-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Greek lemmas",
"Greek masculine nouns",
"Greek nouns",
"Greek nouns declining like 'δρόμος'",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"cesspool, cesspit, septic tank"
],
"links": [
[
"cesspool",
"cesspool"
],
[
"cesspit",
"cesspit"
],
[
"septic tank",
"septic tank"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "septic tank",
"roman": "siptikí dexamení",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σηπτική δεξαμενή"
}
],
"word": "βόθρος"
}
Download raw JSONL data for βόθρος meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.