"βόθρος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bothreúō",
      "word": "βοθρεύω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bothríon",
      "word": "βοθρῐ́ον"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bothroeidḗs",
      "word": "βοθροειδής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bothróō",
      "word": "βοθρόω"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βόθρος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bedù",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sting, dig"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fodiō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dig"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fodiō (“to dig”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "bedd",
        "3": "",
        "4": "canal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰedʰh₂-",
        "3": "*bʰodʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "*bodʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "This word and the synonymous βόθυνος (bóthunos) have been connected with Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”), Latin fodiō (“to dig”) and Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”). In order to explain the discrepancy between Greek β- and Latin f-, dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- to Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ- was assumed, or influence of βαθύς (bathús, “deep, profound”). Beekes prefers to derive the word from Pre-Greek; according to him, even the meaning suggests such origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bóthros",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθρου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ βόθρος",
      "roman": "ho bóthros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βόθρω",
      "roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ βόθροι",
      "roman": "hoi bóthroi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ βόθρου",
      "roman": "toû bóthrou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
      "roman": "toîn bóthroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν βόθρων",
      "roman": "tôn bóthrōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ βόθρῳ",
      "roman": "tôi bóthrōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
      "roman": "toîn bóthroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς βόθροις",
      "roman": "toîs bóthrois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν βόθρον",
      "roman": "tòn bóthron",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βόθρω",
      "roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς βόθρους",
      "roman": "toùs bóthrous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθρε",
      "roman": "bóthre",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθρω",
      "roman": "bóthrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθροι",
      "roman": "bóthroi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βόθρου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "βόθρος • (bóthros) m (genitive βόθρου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βόθρος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hole, trench or pit dug in the ground"
      ],
      "id": "en-βόθρος-grc-noun-KpcTjVRT",
      "links": [
        [
          "hole",
          "hole"
        ],
        [
          "trench",
          "trench"
        ],
        [
          "pit",
          "pit"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hollow, cavity"
      ],
      "id": "en-βόθρος-grc-noun-vqLNEnEs",
      "links": [
        [
          "hollow",
          "hollow"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in general) hollow, cavity"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bó.tʰros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bó.tʰros/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbo.tʰros/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "βόθρος"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bothreúō",
      "word": "βοθρεύω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bothríon",
      "word": "βοθρῐ́ον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bothroeidḗs",
      "word": "βοθροειδής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bothróō",
      "word": "βοθρόω"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βόθρος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βόθρος (vóthros)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bedù",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sting, dig"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fodiō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dig"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin fodiō (“to dig”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "bedd",
        "3": "",
        "4": "canal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰedʰh₂-",
        "3": "*bʰodʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grk-pro",
        "2": "*bodʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "This word and the synonymous βόθυνος (bóthunos) have been connected with Lithuanian bedù (“sting, dig”), Latin fodiō (“to dig”) and Middle Welsh bedd (“canal”). In order to explain the discrepancy between Greek β- and Latin f-, dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- to Proto-Hellenic *bodʰ- was assumed, or influence of βαθύς (bathús, “deep, profound”). Beekes prefers to derive the word from Pre-Greek; according to him, even the meaning suggests such origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bóthros",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθρου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ βόθρος",
      "roman": "ho bóthros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βόθρω",
      "roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ βόθροι",
      "roman": "hoi bóthroi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ βόθρου",
      "roman": "toû bóthrou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
      "roman": "toîn bóthroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν βόθρων",
      "roman": "tôn bóthrōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ βόθρῳ",
      "roman": "tôi bóthrōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν βόθροιν",
      "roman": "toîn bóthroin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς βόθροις",
      "roman": "toîs bóthrois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν βόθρον",
      "roman": "tòn bóthron",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ βόθρω",
      "roman": "tṑ bóthrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς βόθρους",
      "roman": "toùs bóthrous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθρε",
      "roman": "bóthre",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθρω",
      "roman": "bóthrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "βόθροι",
      "roman": "bóthroi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βόθρου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "βόθρος • (bóthros) m (genitive βόθρου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "βόθρος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "M"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hole, trench or pit dug in the ground"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hole",
          "hole"
        ],
        [
          "trench",
          "trench"
        ],
        [
          "pit",
          "pit"
        ],
        [
          "ground",
          "ground"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hollow, cavity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hollow",
          "hollow"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in general) hollow, cavity"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bó.tʰros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bó.tʰros/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbo.tʰros/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈβo.θros/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvo.θros/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "βόθρος"
}