See áspero on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Áspera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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"2": "la",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"4": "",
"5": "to cut"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"feminine"
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},
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40,
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],
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"english": "if they happen to ride in [the horse] through gorses or through rough places similar to that, and the horse is used to jump and walk by the aforementioned places, then he will raise the thighs and the feet more handsomely when in other places",
"ref": "1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 67:",
"text": "se vsaren cauallgar en el por toios ou por llugares asperos a esto semellauijs, ven o Cauallo vsado a saltar et andar porllos llugares sobreditos, alçara as coixas et os pees mais apostamente pollos outros llugares",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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"word": "esgrevio"
}
]
},
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],
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]
],
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"word": "esgrevio"
}
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},
{
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"parents": [],
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-áspero-gl-adj-YMcsfRnW",
"links": [
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],
[
"tart",
"tart"
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},
{
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"harsh, severe"
],
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],
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"severe",
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]
],
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{
"word": "esgrevio"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈaspeɾo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈas̺.pe.ɾʊ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aspeɾo"
}
],
"word": "áspero"
}
{
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{
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"4": "",
"5": "to cut"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "áspera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperas",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 0 87 2 3 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"rough"
],
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],
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{
"word": "aspereza"
},
{
"word": "asperidade"
}
],
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{
"word": "rugoso"
},
{
"word": "ríspido"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈas.pe.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.pe.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaʃ.pe.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.pe.ɾo/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaʃ.pɨ.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "áspero"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ásperamente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "aspereza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperidad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "asperón"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "asper",
"4": "asperum"
},
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin asperum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”). The forms of the Spanish word and its Portuguese equivalent seem to indicate that they may be semi-learned or borrowed terms (the expected normal result aspro was found on rare occasions in Old Spanish documents). However, comparing it to similar cases of phonetic development in Spanish and Ibero-Romance (cf. árboles, miércoles, níspero, etc.), the preservation of the proparoxytone quality (with stress on the antepenultimate syllable) is actually normal in this word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "áspera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "áspero (feminine áspera, masculine plural ásperos, feminine plural ásperas)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
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"ás‧pe‧ro"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "liso"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, scratchy, coarse (not smooth; uneven)"
],
"id": "en-áspero-es-adj-lXkvazNi",
"links": [
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"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"scratchy",
"scratchy"
],
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"coarse",
"coarse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rasposo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 49 22 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh, rugged (e.g., climate, terrain)"
],
"id": "en-áspero-es-adj-X4ucubvX",
"links": [
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"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raspy, gruff, gravelly (voice)"
],
"id": "en-áspero-es-adj-bOCIK93c",
"links": [
[
"raspy",
"raspy"
],
[
"gruff",
"gruff"
],
[
"gravelly",
"gravelly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh, abrasive, sharp (tone)"
],
"id": "en-áspero-es-adj-ZvNaXG2z",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"abrasive",
"abrasive"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈaspeɾo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈas.pe.ɾo]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aspeɾo"
}
],
"word": "áspero"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician adjectives",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Galician/aspeɾo",
"Rhymes:Galician/aspeɾo/3 syllables",
"es:Sound"
],
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{
"word": "Áspera"
},
{
"word": "Aspra"
}
],
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"3": "asperum"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂esp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin asperum, singular accusative of asper, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "áspera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aspro",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "áspero (feminine áspera, masculine plural ásperos, feminine plural ásperas)",
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}
],
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"ás‧pe‧ro"
],
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],
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{
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63
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69
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],
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59
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],
"english": "if they happen to ride in [the horse] through gorses or through rough places similar to that, and the horse is used to jump and walk by the aforementioned places, then he will raise the thighs and the feet more handsomely when in other places",
"ref": "1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 67:",
"text": "se vsaren cauallgar en el por toios ou por llugares asperos a esto semellauijs, ven o Cauallo vsado a saltar et andar porllos llugares sobreditos, alçara as coixas et os pees mais apostamente pollos outros llugares",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "esgrevio"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "esgrevio"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sharp, tart"
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"tart",
"tart"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh, severe"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "esgrevio"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈaspeɾo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈas̺.pe.ɾʊ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aspeɾo"
}
],
"word": "áspero"
}
{
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"4": "asperum"
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},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin asperum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "áspera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aspero",
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}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "áspero (feminine áspera, masculine plural ásperos, feminine plural ásperas)",
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],
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],
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"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
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"word": "aspereza"
},
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"word": "asperidade"
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"word": "liso"
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"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rugoso"
},
{
"word": "ríspido"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.pe.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.pe.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaʃ.pe.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈas.pe.ɾo/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaʃ.pɨ.ɾu/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "áspero"
}
{
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"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"es:Sound"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ásperamente"
},
{
"word": "aspereza"
},
{
"word": "asperidad"
},
{
"word": "asperilla"
},
{
"word": "asperón"
}
],
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{
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"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "asper",
"4": "asperum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin asperum",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂esp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin asperum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”). The forms of the Spanish word and its Portuguese equivalent seem to indicate that they may be semi-learned or borrowed terms (the expected normal result aspro was found on rare occasions in Old Spanish documents). However, comparing it to similar cases of phonetic development in Spanish and Ibero-Romance (cf. árboles, miércoles, níspero, etc.), the preservation of the proparoxytone quality (with stress on the antepenultimate syllable) is actually normal in this word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "áspera",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperos",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ásperas",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "áspero (feminine áspera, masculine plural ásperos, feminine plural ásperas)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ás‧pe‧ro"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "liso"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, scratchy, coarse (not smooth; uneven)"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"scratchy",
"scratchy"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
],
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{
"word": "rasposo"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh, rugged (e.g., climate, terrain)"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raspy, gruff, gravelly (voice)"
],
"links": [
[
"raspy",
"raspy"
],
[
"gruff",
"gruff"
],
[
"gravelly",
"gravelly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh, abrasive, sharp (tone)"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"abrasive",
"abrasive"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈaspeɾo/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈas.pe.ɾo]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aspeɾo"
}
],
"word": "áspero"
}
Download raw JSONL data for áspero meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.