See dhunë in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nder"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krenari"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lavdi"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "dhunohem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "dhunoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunshëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "dhunuar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunues"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dhunuese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhunë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhuna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*eðunā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *eðunā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ed-ún-eh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-ún-eh₂ (“pain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀδύνη",
"3": "",
"4": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկն",
"3": "",
"4": "birth pangs"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pangs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "idu",
"3": "",
"4": "pains, birth pangs"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish idu (“pains, birth pangs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*edunti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *edunti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Albanian *eðunā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-ún-eh₂ (“pain”), from the root *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”), Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pangs”), and Old Irish idu (“pains, birth pangs”). The variant dhurë is the normal Tosk reflex. Orel reconstructs Proto-Albanian *edunti or *adunti, but from the same IE root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sq-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuneje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuneje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunash",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "feminine nouns",
"g": "f",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dhunë f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat"
},
"expansion": "dhunë f (plural dhuna, definite dhuna, definite plural dhunat)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dhunë",
"10": "dhunave",
"11": "dhunës",
"12": "dhunave",
"13": "dhunash",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat",
"5": "dhunë",
"6": "dhuna",
"7": "dhunën",
"8": "dhunat",
"9": "dhuneje"
},
"name": "sq-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dheu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Gheg dhena",
"word": "dhera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Gheg dhenat",
"word": "dherat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "përdhos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "përdhosem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "përdhosur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-GhYrNJad",
"links": [
[
"violence",
"violence"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"coercion",
"coercion"
],
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
]
],
"qualifier": "mental; spiritual; mental; spiritual",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical, mental, spiritual) violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"physical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-R1v3Jv53",
"links": [
[
"humiliation",
"humiliation"
],
[
"shaming",
"shaming"
],
[
"dishonor",
"dishonor"
],
[
"violation",
"violation"
]
],
"qualifier": "physical or verbal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical or verbal) humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"damage, injury"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-wmwbuvCT",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) damage, injury"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 23 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 24 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blemish"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-5X945ADi",
"links": [
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fuqi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "forcë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cenim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "violencë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "keqpërdorim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "përdhunim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vrull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "përdhunë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pushtet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dhurë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dhuni"
}
],
"word": "dhunë"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nder"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krenari"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lavdi"
}
],
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian feminine nouns",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunas"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtar"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtari"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "dhunohem"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "dhunoj"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunim"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunimi"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunshëm"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "dhunuar"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunues"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dhunuese"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhunë"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhuna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*eðunā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *eðunā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ed-ún-eh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-ún-eh₂ (“pain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀδύνη",
"3": "",
"4": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկն",
"3": "",
"4": "birth pangs"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pangs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "idu",
"3": "",
"4": "pains, birth pangs"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish idu (“pains, birth pangs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*edunti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *edunti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Albanian *eðunā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-ún-eh₂ (“pain”), from the root *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”), Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pangs”), and Old Irish idu (“pains, birth pangs”). The variant dhurë is the normal Tosk reflex. Orel reconstructs Proto-Albanian *edunti or *adunti, but from the same IE root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sq-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuneje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuneje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunash",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "feminine nouns",
"g": "f",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dhunë f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat"
},
"expansion": "dhunë f (plural dhuna, definite dhuna, definite plural dhunat)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dhunë",
"10": "dhunave",
"11": "dhunës",
"12": "dhunave",
"13": "dhunash",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat",
"5": "dhunë",
"6": "dhuna",
"7": "dhunën",
"8": "dhunat",
"9": "dhuneje"
},
"name": "sq-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhe"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dheu"
},
{
"alt": "Gheg dhena",
"word": "dhera"
},
{
"alt": "Gheg dhenat",
"word": "dherat"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "përdhos"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "përdhosem"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosje"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosja"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "përdhosur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"links": [
[
"violence",
"violence"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"coercion",
"coercion"
],
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
]
],
"qualifier": "mental; spiritual; mental; spiritual",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical, mental, spiritual) violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"physical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"links": [
[
"humiliation",
"humiliation"
],
[
"shaming",
"shaming"
],
[
"dishonor",
"dishonor"
],
[
"violation",
"violation"
]
],
"qualifier": "physical or verbal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical or verbal) humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Albanian colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"damage, injury"
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) damage, injury"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blemish"
],
"links": [
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dëm"
},
{
"word": "fuqi"
},
{
"word": "forcë"
},
{
"word": "cenim"
},
{
"word": "violencë"
},
{
"word": "keqpërdorim"
},
{
"word": "përdhunim"
},
{
"word": "vrull"
},
{
"word": "përdhunë"
},
{
"word": "pushtet"
},
{
"word": "dhurë"
},
{
"word": "dhuni"
}
],
"word": "dhunë"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dhunë meaning in Albanian (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Albanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.