See dhunë on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dhunë meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nder"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krenari"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lavdi"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "dhunohem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "dhunoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunshëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "dhunuar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunues"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dhunuese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"word": "përdhunët"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhunia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"word": "përdhunisht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "përdhunohem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "përdhunoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"word": "përdhunshëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "përdhunuar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunues"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunuesi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*(e)δunā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *(e)δunā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁(e)dun-eh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, smart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁(e)dun-eh₂ (“pain, smart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀδύνη",
"3": "",
"4": "pain, smart, harm"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain, smart, harm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dhurë"
},
"expansion": "dhurë",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*edunti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *edunti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*adunti"
},
"expansion": "*adunti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian երկն (erkn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Albanian *(e)δunā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁(e)dun-eh₂ (“pain, smart”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain, smart, harm”). The variant dhurë occurs beside dhunë with retention of the rhotacism of the intervocalic nasal. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *edunti or *adunti, also cognate to Old Armenian երկն (erkn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sq-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhune",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunavet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhune",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunash",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunavet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "feminine nouns",
"g": "f",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dhunë f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat"
},
"expansion": "dhunë f (plural dhuna, definite dhuna, definite plural dhunat)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dhunë",
"10": "dhunave",
"11": "dhunës",
"12": "dhunavet",
"13": "dhunash",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat",
"5": "dhunë",
"6": "dhuna",
"7": "dhunën",
"8": "dhunat",
"9": "dhune"
},
"name": "sq-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dheu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Gheg dhena",
"word": "dhera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Gheg dhenat",
"word": "dherat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "përdhos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "përdhosem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "përdhosur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 33 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-GhYrNJad",
"links": [
[
"violence",
"violence"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"coercion",
"coercion"
],
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
]
],
"qualifier": "mental; spiritual; mental; spiritual",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical, mental, spiritual) violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"physical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 33 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-R1v3Jv53",
"links": [
[
"humiliation",
"humiliation"
],
[
"shaming",
"shaming"
],
[
"dishonor",
"dishonor"
],
[
"violation",
"violation"
]
],
"qualifier": "physical or verbal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical or verbal) humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 33 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"damage, injury"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-wmwbuvCT",
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 33 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blemish"
],
"id": "en-dhunë-sq-noun-5X945ADi",
"links": [
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fuqi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "forcë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cenim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "violencë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "keqpërdorim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "përdhunim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vrull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "përdhunë"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pushtet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dhurë"
}
],
"word": "dhunë"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nder"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krenari"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lavdi"
}
],
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian feminine nouns",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunas"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtar"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunëtari"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "dhunohem"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "dhunoj"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunim"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunimi"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"word": "dhunshëm"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "dhunuar"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhunues"
},
{
"sense": "dhuna f, dhunat f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dhunuese"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"word": "përdhunët"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhuni"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhunia"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunim"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunimi"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"word": "përdhunisht"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "përdhunohem"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "përdhunoj"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"word": "përdhunshëm"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "përdhunuar"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunues"
},
{
"sense": "përdhunë f, përdhuna f",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përdhunuesi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*(e)δunā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *(e)δunā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁(e)dun-eh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "pain, smart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁(e)dun-eh₂ (“pain, smart”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὀδύνη",
"3": "",
"4": "pain, smart, harm"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain, smart, harm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dhurë"
},
"expansion": "dhurë",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*edunti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *edunti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*adunti"
},
"expansion": "*adunti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "երկն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian երկն (erkn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Albanian *(e)δunā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁(e)dun-eh₂ (“pain, smart”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain, smart, harm”). The variant dhurë occurs beside dhunë with retention of the rhotacism of the intervocalic nasal. Alternatively from Proto-Albanian *edunti or *adunti, also cognate to Old Armenian երկն (erkn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sq-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunën",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhune",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunave",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunavet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhune",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunash",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunës",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dhunavet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "feminine nouns",
"g": "f",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dhunë f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat"
},
"expansion": "dhunë f (plural dhuna, definite dhuna, definite plural dhunat)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dhunë",
"10": "dhunave",
"11": "dhunës",
"12": "dhunavet",
"13": "dhunash",
"2": "dhuna",
"3": "dhuna",
"4": "dhunat",
"5": "dhunë",
"6": "dhuna",
"7": "dhunën",
"8": "dhunat",
"9": "dhune"
},
"name": "sq-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dhe"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dheu"
},
{
"alt": "Gheg dhena",
"word": "dhera"
},
{
"alt": "Gheg dhenat",
"word": "dherat"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"active"
],
"word": "përdhos"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"mediopassive"
],
"word": "përdhosem"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosje"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "përdhosja"
},
{
"sense": "përdhe",
"tags": [
"participle"
],
"word": "përdhosur"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"links": [
[
"violence",
"violence"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"coercion",
"coercion"
],
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
]
],
"qualifier": "mental; spiritual; mental; spiritual",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical, mental, spiritual) violence, force, coercion, oppression"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"physical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"links": [
[
"humiliation",
"humiliation"
],
[
"shaming",
"shaming"
],
[
"dishonor",
"dishonor"
],
[
"violation",
"violation"
]
],
"qualifier": "physical or verbal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physical or verbal) humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"damage, injury"
],
"links": [
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blemish"
],
"links": [
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dëm"
},
{
"word": "fuqi"
},
{
"word": "forcë"
},
{
"word": "cenim"
},
{
"word": "violencë"
},
{
"word": "keqpërdorim"
},
{
"word": "përdhunim"
},
{
"word": "vrull"
},
{
"word": "përdhunë"
},
{
"word": "pushtet"
},
{
"word": "dhurë"
}
],
"word": "dhunë"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.