"衚衕兒" meaning in 漢語

See 衚衕兒 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /xu³⁵ tʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA] Forms: 胡同儿 [Simplified Chinese], 胡同兒 [Traditional Chinese]
  1. 衚衕/胡同 (hútòng) 的兒化形式。 Tags: Erhua, Jin, Mandarin, form-of
    Sense id: zh-衚衕兒-zh-noun-JX0EZyLI Categories (other): 官話兒化詞, 官話漢語, 晉漢語
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): 官話名詞, 官話詞元, 帶「兒」的漢語詞, 帶「衕」的漢語詞, 帶「衚」的漢語詞, 有1個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 漢語名詞, 漢語詞元 Synonyms: 巷 [Eastern Min, Classical Chinese, Wu, Southern Min, Cantonese, Jin], 衚衕 [Jin], 巷子 [Xiang, Gan, Jin], 巷道, 過道 [Jin], 衚衕道, 過道兒, 巷巷 [Eastern Min], 巷口子, 巷口兒, 巷巷子, 巷巷兒, 里分, , 巷當, 巷仔 [Southern Min, Cantonese, Northern Min, Gan], [Cantonese], 巷笐, 黑浪 [Jin], 巷兒 [Wu, Jin], 弄仔 [Northern Min], 巷囝 [Eastern Min, Southern Min], 弄頭 [Eastern Min], [Eastern Min, Wu, Southern Min], 弄囝 [Eastern Min], 舊弄巷 [Southern Min], 家弄巷 [Southern Min], 弄堂 [Shanghai, Wu], 巷弄 [Wu], 弄弄 [Wu], 弄子 [Xiang]
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「兒」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「衕」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「衚」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "胡同儿",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "胡同兒",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "官話兒化詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "官話漢語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "晉漢語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "衚衕/胡同 (hútòng) 的兒化形式。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-衚衕兒-zh-noun-JX0EZyLI",
      "tags": [
        "Erhua",
        "Jin",
        "Mandarin",
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hútòngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hútòngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hútòngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hu²-tʻung⁴-ʼrh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hú-tùngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hwutonql"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "хутунр (xutunr)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xu³⁵ tʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "開平(赤坎)",
        "深圳(寶安沙井)",
        "昆明",
        "廣州",
        "廣州(從化)",
        "佛山(三水)",
        "中山(石岐)",
        "中山閩語",
        "漳州",
        "珠海(斗門)",
        "福安",
        "佛山(南海沙頭)",
        "江門(白沙)",
        "恩平(牛江)",
        "西南官話",
        "珠海(香洲前山)",
        "深圳(沙頭角)",
        "香港(汀角)",
        "澎湖(馬公)",
        "佛山",
        "臺北",
        "曼谷(潮汕)",
        "台山",
        "江門(新會)",
        "廣州(番禺)",
        "福州",
        "廈門",
        "海豐",
        "士乃(惠陽)",
        "東莞",
        "澳門",
        "廣州(增城)",
        "鶴山(雅瑤)",
        "新竹縣(芎林,饒平腔)",
        "金門",
        "珠海(斗門上橫水上話)",
        "香港",
        "佛山(順德)",
        "陽江",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "太原",
        "宜蘭",
        "揭陽",
        "吉隆坡(廣府)",
        "中山(沙溪隆都)",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)",
        "廣州(花都花山)",
        "客家語",
        "泉州",
        "香港(錦田圍頭話)",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "臺南",
        "潮州",
        "香港(新田圍頭話)",
        "蘇州",
        "溫州",
        "香港(東平洲)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Wu",
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese",
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "唐山",
        "邯鄲",
        "呼倫貝爾(海拉爾)",
        "膠遼官話",
        "中原官話",
        "萬榮",
        "冀魯官話",
        "青島"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "衚衕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "合肥",
        "武漢",
        "臺灣",
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "西南官話",
        "集寧",
        "柳州",
        "成都",
        "于都",
        "呼和浩特",
        "冀魯官話",
        "南通",
        "南京",
        "桂林",
        "長沙",
        "銀川",
        "萍鄉",
        "重慶",
        "南昌",
        "西安",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州",
        "中原官話",
        "臨河",
        "揚州",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "陽朔(金寶)",
        "客家語",
        "江淮官話",
        "貴陽"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Gan",
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "巷子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "唐山",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "西寧",
        "蘭州",
        "中原官話",
        "冀魯官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷道"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "滄州",
        "冀魯官話",
        "邯鄲"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "過道"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "濟南",
        "冀魯官話"
      ],
      "word": "衚衕道"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "鄭州",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "word": "過道兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州",
        "西南官話",
        "福州(長樂)",
        "昆明",
        "西寧",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "巷巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "徐州",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷口子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "徐州",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷口兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州"
      ],
      "word": "巷巷子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都",
        "重慶",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷巷兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "武漢",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "word": "里分"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "武漢",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "word": "里"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "南京",
        "江淮官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷當"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新北(三峽)",
        "漳州",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "新竹",
        "檳城(泉漳)",
        "建甌",
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "中山(南朗合水)",
        "廈門",
        "梅縣",
        "東莞",
        "高雄",
        "臺中",
        "香港",
        "黎川",
        "吉隆坡(廣府)",
        "詔安",
        "客家語",
        "泉州",
        "東莞(清溪)",
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese",
        "Northern Min",
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "巷仔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州(增城)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "冷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)"
      ],
      "word": "巷笐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "忻州",
        "太原"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "黑浪"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "張家口",
        "杭州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "巷兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "建甌"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄仔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雷州",
        "福州",
        "新山(潮汕)",
        "揭陽",
        "周寧",
        "古田",
        "福鼎",
        "壽寧",
        "汕頭"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "巷囝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福清"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "永泰",
        "海口",
        "金華",
        "上海(崇明)",
        "杭州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Wu",
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "寧德"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄囝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "海口"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "舊弄巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "海口"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "家弄巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "丹陽",
        "寧波",
        "金華",
        "蘇州",
        "上海(崇明)",
        "杭州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "弄堂"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "溫州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "巷弄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金華"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "弄弄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雙峰"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "弄子"
    }
  ],
  "word": "衚衕兒"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「兒」的漢語詞",
    "帶「衕」的漢語詞",
    "帶「衚」的漢語詞",
    "有1個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "胡同儿",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "胡同兒",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "官話兒化詞",
        "官話漢語",
        "晉漢語"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "衚衕/胡同 (hútòng) 的兒化形式。"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Erhua",
        "Jin",
        "Mandarin",
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hútòngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hútòngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hútòngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hu²-tʻung⁴-ʼrh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hú-tùngr"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "hwutonql"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "хутунр (xutunr)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/xu³⁵ tʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "開平(赤坎)",
        "深圳(寶安沙井)",
        "昆明",
        "廣州",
        "廣州(從化)",
        "佛山(三水)",
        "中山(石岐)",
        "中山閩語",
        "漳州",
        "珠海(斗門)",
        "福安",
        "佛山(南海沙頭)",
        "江門(白沙)",
        "恩平(牛江)",
        "西南官話",
        "珠海(香洲前山)",
        "深圳(沙頭角)",
        "香港(汀角)",
        "澎湖(馬公)",
        "佛山",
        "臺北",
        "曼谷(潮汕)",
        "台山",
        "江門(新會)",
        "廣州(番禺)",
        "福州",
        "廈門",
        "海豐",
        "士乃(惠陽)",
        "東莞",
        "澳門",
        "廣州(增城)",
        "鶴山(雅瑤)",
        "新竹縣(芎林,饒平腔)",
        "金門",
        "珠海(斗門上橫水上話)",
        "香港",
        "佛山(順德)",
        "陽江",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)",
        "太原",
        "宜蘭",
        "揭陽",
        "吉隆坡(廣府)",
        "中山(沙溪隆都)",
        "雲林(崙背,詔安腔)",
        "廣州(花都花山)",
        "客家語",
        "泉州",
        "香港(錦田圍頭話)",
        "彰化(鹿港)",
        "臺南",
        "潮州",
        "香港(新田圍頭話)",
        "蘇州",
        "溫州",
        "香港(東平洲)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Wu",
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese",
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "唐山",
        "邯鄲",
        "呼倫貝爾(海拉爾)",
        "膠遼官話",
        "中原官話",
        "萬榮",
        "冀魯官話",
        "青島"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "衚衕"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "合肥",
        "武漢",
        "臺灣",
        "燕京官話",
        "濟南",
        "西南官話",
        "集寧",
        "柳州",
        "成都",
        "于都",
        "呼和浩特",
        "冀魯官話",
        "南通",
        "南京",
        "桂林",
        "長沙",
        "銀川",
        "萍鄉",
        "重慶",
        "南昌",
        "西安",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州",
        "中原官話",
        "臨河",
        "揚州",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "陽朔(金寶)",
        "客家語",
        "江淮官話",
        "貴陽"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Xiang",
        "Gan",
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "巷子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "唐山",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "西寧",
        "蘭州",
        "中原官話",
        "冀魯官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷道"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "滄州",
        "冀魯官話",
        "邯鄲"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "過道"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "濟南",
        "冀魯官話"
      ],
      "word": "衚衕道"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "鄭州",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "word": "過道兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福州",
        "西南官話",
        "福州(長樂)",
        "昆明",
        "西寧",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "巷巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "徐州",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷口子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "徐州",
        "中原官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷口兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘭銀官話",
        "蘭州"
      ],
      "word": "巷巷子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "成都",
        "重慶",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷巷兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "武漢",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "word": "里分"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "武漢",
        "西南官話"
      ],
      "word": "里"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "南京",
        "江淮官話"
      ],
      "word": "巷當"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "新北(三峽)",
        "漳州",
        "屏東(內埔,南四縣腔)",
        "新竹",
        "檳城(泉漳)",
        "建甌",
        "新竹縣(竹東,海陸腔)",
        "中山(南朗合水)",
        "廈門",
        "梅縣",
        "東莞",
        "高雄",
        "臺中",
        "香港",
        "黎川",
        "吉隆坡(廣府)",
        "詔安",
        "客家語",
        "泉州",
        "東莞(清溪)",
        "苗栗(北四縣腔)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese",
        "Northern Min",
        "Gan"
      ],
      "word": "巷仔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "廣州(增城)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "冷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "臺中(東勢,大埔腔)"
      ],
      "word": "巷笐"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "忻州",
        "太原"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "黑浪"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "張家口",
        "杭州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "巷兒"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "建甌"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄仔"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雷州",
        "福州",
        "新山(潮汕)",
        "揭陽",
        "周寧",
        "古田",
        "福鼎",
        "壽寧",
        "汕頭"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "巷囝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "福清"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄頭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "永泰",
        "海口",
        "金華",
        "上海(崇明)",
        "杭州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min",
        "Wu",
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "寧德"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "弄囝"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "海口"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "舊弄巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "海口"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "word": "家弄巷"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "丹陽",
        "寧波",
        "金華",
        "蘇州",
        "上海(崇明)",
        "杭州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Shanghai",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "弄堂"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "溫州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "巷弄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "金華"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "word": "弄弄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "雙峰"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "弄子"
    }
  ],
  "word": "衚衕兒"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 衚衕兒 meaning in 漢語 (5.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-16 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (59e63ed and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.