"畢業" meaning in 漢語

See 畢業 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/, /pi²¹ nʲiɛ²¹/, /pɐt̚⁵ jiːp̚²/, /pit̚⁵ n̠ʲiɛt̚⁵/, /pit̚² ɲi̯ap̚⁵/, /pit̚¹ ɲiap̚⁵/, /piəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ iəʔ²/, /pi²⁴ ŋiɛ⁴²/, /piʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋieʔ⁵/, /pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/, /pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/, /pit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/, /pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/, /pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/, /pik̚⁴⁻² ŋiap̚⁴/, /piɪʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/, /pi²⁴ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/ Audio: Zh-bìyè.ogg Forms: 毕业 [Simplified Chinese]
  1. 在學校等教育機構中修業期滿,而結束學習
    Sense id: zh-畢業-zh-verb-BJKumcAG Categories (other): 有使用例的官話詞
  2. 指偶像退出組合或藝人離開節目,仿譯自日語 卒業 (sotsugyō)。 Tags: neologism
    Sense id: zh-畢業-zh-verb-pK2WUT2- Categories (other): 派生自日語的漢語詞, 源自日語的漢語仿譯詞 Topics: internet
  3. 辭職;被解僱 Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: zh-畢業-zh-verb-O9p402~~ Categories (other): 有使用例的官話詞 Topics: business
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 卒業, 卒业, 出業, 出业 Translations (修業期滿而結束學習): diplomiĝi (世界語), око́нчить (俄語), учебное заведение (俄語), завършвам университет (保加利亞語), útskrifast (冰島語), végez (匈牙利語), elvégez (匈牙利語), diplomázik (匈牙利語), lediplomázik (匈牙利語), diplomát szerez (匈牙利語), graddio (威爾士語), absolvieren (德語), graduieren (德語), laurearsi (意大利語), suscipere (alt: gradum suscipere) (拉丁語), adipisci (alt: diploma studiorum adipisci) (拉丁語), promovat (捷克語), promovať [imperfective aspect, perfective aspect] (斯洛伐克語), 卒業 (そつぎょうする, sotsugyō suru) (alt: 卒業する) (日語), 졸업하다 (朝鮮語), whakapōtae (毛利語), obtenir (法語), licence (法語), فارغالتحصیل شدن (fâreğ-ol-tahsil šodan) (波斯語), valmistua (芬蘭語), suorittaa tutkinto (芬蘭語), saada oppiarvo (芬蘭語), graduate (英語), promoveren (荷蘭語), afstuderen (荷蘭語), formar-se (葡萄牙語), graduar (葡萄牙語), ceumnaich (蘇格蘭蓋爾語), graduarse (西班牙語), tốt nghiệp (越南語), دَرَّجَ (阿拉伯語), تَخَرَّجَ (阿拉伯語)

Download JSONL data for 畢業 meaning in 漢語 (14.7kB)

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "吳語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "四川話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "晉語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "晉語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "湘語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "湘語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "贛語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "贛語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩北語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩北語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "閩東語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "毕业",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有使用例的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "bìyè diǎnlǐ",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "畢業典禮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè diǎnlǐ",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "毕业典礼"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè yǐlái",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "畢業以來"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè yǐlái",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "毕业以来"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánqī bìyè",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "延期畢業"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánqī bìyè",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "延期毕业"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "繁體"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ qùnián zhōngxué bìyè le.",
          "text": "我去年中學畢業了。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "簡體"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ qùnián zhōngxué bìyè le.",
          "text": "我去年中学毕业了。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "繁體"
          ],
          "roman": "Bìyè hòu, tā réngrán yǔ tóngxué bǎochí liánxì.",
          "text": "畢業後,他仍然與同學保持聯繫。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "簡體"
          ],
          "roman": "Bìyè hòu, tā réngrán yǔ tóngxué bǎochí liánxì.",
          "text": "毕业后,他仍然与同学保持联系。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "在學校等教育機構中修業期滿,而結束學習"
      ],
      "id": "zh-畢業-zh-verb-BJKumcAG"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "派生自日語的漢語詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "源自日語的漢語仿譯詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "指偶像退出組合或藝人離開節目,仿譯自日語 卒業 (sotsugyō)。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-畢業-zh-verb-pK2WUT2-",
      "tags": [
        "neologism"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "internet"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有使用例的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "繁體"
          ],
          "roman": "Huānhuān: zài Jīngdōng gōngzuò wǔ nián, yī zhōu nèi “bìyè”",
          "text": "歡歡:在京東工作五年,一周內「畢業」"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "簡體"
          ],
          "roman": "Huānhuān: zài Jīngdōng gōngzuò wǔ nián, yī zhōu nèi “bìyè”",
          "text": "欢欢:在京东工作五年,一周内「毕业」"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "辭職;被解僱"
      ],
      "id": "zh-畢業-zh-verb-O9p402~~",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bìyè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄧˋ ㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Zh-bìyè.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-bìyè.ogg/Zh-bìyè.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-bìyè.ogg"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話,四川話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi² nyie²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bat¹ jip⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "贛語",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bit⁶ nyiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-ngia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅縣,客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid⁵ ngiab⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "晉語",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bieh⁴ ieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩北語",
        "建寧羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bĭ-ngiè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bék-ngiĕk"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-gia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話,潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "big⁸ ngiab⁸"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "上海,吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁷piq-gniq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "湘語",
        "長沙話,維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi⁶ nyie⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bìyè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄧˋ ㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bìyè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pi⁴-yeh⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bì-yè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bihyeh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "бие (bije)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi² nyie²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "binie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi²¹ nʲiɛ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bat¹ jip⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "耶魯粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bāt yihp"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bat⁷ jip⁹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣東拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bed¹ yib⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɐt̚⁵ jiːp̚²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "贛語",
        "南昌話",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bit⁶ nyiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚⁵ n̠ʲiɛt̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "贛語",
        "南昌話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-ngia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid` ngiab"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid⁵ ngiab⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚² ɲi̯ap̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid⁵ ngiab⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚¹ ɲiap̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "晉語",
        "太原話",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bieh⁴ ieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/piəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ iəʔ²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "晉語",
        "太原話",
        "國際音標 (老派"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩北語",
        "建甌話",
        "建寧羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bĭ-ngiè"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi²⁴ ŋiɛ⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩北語",
        "建甌話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bék-ngiĕk"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/piʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋieʔ⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-gia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-gia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pitgiap"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "big⁸ ngiab⁸"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "模仿白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pi̍k ngia̍p"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pik̚⁴⁻² ŋiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁷piq-gniq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pih^入 nyih"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁴piq-nyiq"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/piɪʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "湘語",
        "長沙話",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi⁶ nyie⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi²⁴ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "湘語",
        "長沙話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hant",
      "raw_tags": [
        "文言文"
      ],
      "word": "卒業"
    },
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hans",
      "raw_tags": [
        "文言文"
      ],
      "word": "卒业"
    },
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hant",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語"
      ],
      "word": "出業"
    },
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hans",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語"
      ],
      "word": "出业"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "دَرَّجَ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "تَخَرَّجَ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "завършвам университет"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "promovat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "promoveren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "afstuderen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduate"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "diplomiĝi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "valmistua"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "suorittaa tutkinto"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "saada oppiarvo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "obtenir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "licence"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "absolvieren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduieren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "végez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "elvégez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "diplomázik"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "lediplomázik"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "diplomát szerez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "útskrifast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "laurearsi"
    },
    {
      "alt": "卒業する",
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "そつぎょうする, sotsugyō suru",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "卒業"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "졸업하다"
    },
    {
      "alt": "gradum suscipere",
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "suscipere"
    },
    {
      "alt": "diploma studiorum adipisci",
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "adipisci"
    },
    {
      "lang": "毛利語",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "whakapōtae"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "fâreğ-ol-tahsil šodan",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "فارغالتحصیل شدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "formar-se"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduar"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "око́нчить"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "учебное заведение"
    },
    {
      "lang": "蘇格蘭蓋爾語",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "ceumnaich"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective aspect",
        "perfective aspect"
      ],
      "word": "promovať"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduarse"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "tốt nghiệp"
    },
    {
      "lang": "威爾士語",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graddio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "畢業"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Gan terms needing pronunciation attention",
    "吳語動詞",
    "吳語詞元",
    "四川話動詞",
    "四川話詞元",
    "官話動詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "客家語動詞",
    "客家語詞元",
    "晉語動詞",
    "晉語詞元",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "湘語動詞",
    "湘語詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語詞元",
    "贛語動詞",
    "贛語詞元",
    "閩北語動詞",
    "閩北語詞元",
    "閩東語動詞",
    "閩東語詞元"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "毕业",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "有使用例的官話詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "roman": "bìyè diǎnlǐ",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "畢業典禮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè diǎnlǐ",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "毕业典礼"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè yǐlái",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "畢業以來"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bìyè yǐlái",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "毕业以来"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánqī bìyè",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "延期畢業"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánqī bìyè",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "延期毕业"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "繁體"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ qùnián zhōngxué bìyè le.",
          "text": "我去年中學畢業了。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "簡體"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ qùnián zhōngxué bìyè le.",
          "text": "我去年中学毕业了。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "繁體"
          ],
          "roman": "Bìyè hòu, tā réngrán yǔ tóngxué bǎochí liánxì.",
          "text": "畢業後,他仍然與同學保持聯繫。"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "簡體"
          ],
          "roman": "Bìyè hòu, tā réngrán yǔ tóngxué bǎochí liánxì.",
          "text": "毕业后,他仍然与同学保持联系。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "在學校等教育機構中修業期滿,而結束學習"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "派生自日語的漢語詞",
        "源自日語的漢語仿譯詞"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "指偶像退出組合或藝人離開節目,仿譯自日語 卒業 (sotsugyō)。"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neologism"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "internet"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "有使用例的官話詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "繁體"
          ],
          "roman": "Huānhuān: zài Jīngdōng gōngzuò wǔ nián, yī zhōu nèi “bìyè”",
          "text": "歡歡:在京東工作五年,一周內「畢業」"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "現代標準漢語",
            "簡體"
          ],
          "roman": "Huānhuān: zài Jīngdōng gōngzuò wǔ nián, yī zhōu nèi “bìyè”",
          "text": "欢欢:在京东工作五年,一周内「毕业」"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "辭職;被解僱"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bìyè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄧˋ ㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Zh-bìyè.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Zh-bìyè.ogg/Zh-bìyè.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zh-bìyè.ogg"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話,四川話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi² nyie²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bat¹ jip⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "贛語",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bit⁶ nyiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-ngia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅縣,客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid⁵ ngiab⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "晉語",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bieh⁴ ieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩北語",
        "建寧羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bĭ-ngiè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bék-ngiĕk"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話,白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-gia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話,潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "big⁸ ngiab⁸"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "上海,吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁷piq-gniq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "湘語",
        "長沙話,維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi⁶ nyie⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bìyè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "注音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄅㄧˋ ㄧㄝˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "通用拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bìyè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "威妥瑪拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pi⁴-yeh⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "耶魯官話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bì-yè"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "國語羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bihyeh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "西里爾字母轉寫"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "бие (bije)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ jɛ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "現代標準漢語",
        "漢語國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話",
        "四川話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi² nyie²"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話",
        "四川話拉丁化新文字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "binie"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi²¹ nʲiɛ²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "官話",
        "成都話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bat¹ jip⁶"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "耶魯粵拼"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bāt yihp"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bat⁷ jip⁹"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "廣東拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bed¹ yib⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɐt̚⁵ jiːp̚²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "粵語",
        "標準粵語,廣州–香港話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "贛語",
        "南昌話",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bit⁶ nyiet⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚⁵ n̠ʲiɛt̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "贛語",
        "南昌話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-ngia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家語拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid` ngiab"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid⁵ ngiab⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚² ɲi̯ap̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "四縣話,包括苗栗和美濃",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話",
        "客家話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bid⁵ ngiab⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚¹ ɲiap̚⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "梅州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "晉語",
        "太原話",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bieh⁴ ieh⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/piəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ iəʔ²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "晉語",
        "太原話",
        "國際音標 (老派"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩北語",
        "建甌話",
        "建寧羅馬字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bĭ-ngiè"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi²⁴ ŋiɛ⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩北語",
        "建甌話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "平話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bék-ngiĕk"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/piʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋieʔ⁵/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩東語",
        "福州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-gia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pit-gia̍p"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pitgiap"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "潮州話拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "big⁸ ngiab⁸"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "模仿白話字"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pi̍k ngia̍p"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pik̚⁴⁻² ŋiap̚⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語",
        "潮州話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳語學堂拼音"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁷piq-gniq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "吳音小字典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "pih^入 nyih"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "維基詞典羅馬化 (上海話"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "⁴piq-nyiq"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/piɪʔ³³ n̠ʲiɪʔ⁴⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "吳語",
        "太湖片:上海",
        "國際音標 (上海"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "湘語",
        "長沙話",
        "維基詞典"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "bi⁶ nyie⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pi²⁴ n̠ʲi̯e̞²⁴/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "湘語",
        "長沙話",
        "國際音標"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hant",
      "raw_tags": [
        "文言文"
      ],
      "word": "卒業"
    },
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hans",
      "raw_tags": [
        "文言文"
      ],
      "word": "卒业"
    },
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hant",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語"
      ],
      "word": "出業"
    },
    {
      "language_variant": "zh-Hans",
      "raw_tags": [
        "閩南語"
      ],
      "word": "出业"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "دَرَّجَ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "تَخَرَّجَ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "завършвам университет"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "promovat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "promoveren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "afstuderen"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduate"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "diplomiĝi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "valmistua"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "suorittaa tutkinto"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "saada oppiarvo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "obtenir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "licence"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "absolvieren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduieren"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "végez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "elvégez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "diplomázik"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "lediplomázik"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "diplomát szerez"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "útskrifast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "laurearsi"
    },
    {
      "alt": "卒業する",
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "そつぎょうする, sotsugyō suru",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "卒業"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "졸업하다"
    },
    {
      "alt": "gradum suscipere",
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "suscipere"
    },
    {
      "alt": "diploma studiorum adipisci",
      "lang": "拉丁語",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "adipisci"
    },
    {
      "lang": "毛利語",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "whakapōtae"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "fâreğ-ol-tahsil šodan",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "فارغالتحصیل شدن"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "formar-se"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduar"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "око́нчить"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "учебное заведение"
    },
    {
      "lang": "蘇格蘭蓋爾語",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "ceumnaich"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective aspect",
        "perfective aspect"
      ],
      "word": "promovať"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graduarse"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "tốt nghiệp"
    },
    {
      "lang": "威爾士語",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "sense": "修業期滿而結束學習",
      "word": "graddio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "畢業"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "畢業"
  ],
  "section": "漢語",
  "subsection": "發音",
  "title": "畢業",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-04 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-01 using wiktextract (c690d5d and b5d1315). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.