"backbone" meaning in język angielski

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Angielski (indeks)",
      "orig": "angielski (indeks)",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "(1.1) ang. back + bone → plecy + kość",
    "(1.2-4) od (1.1)"
  ],
  "lang": "język angielski",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_text": "rzeczownik",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "translation": "ktoś do szpiku kości",
      "word": "sb to the backbone"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "translation": "stanowić trzon grupy",
      "word": "to be the backbone of a group"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "translation": "mieć",
      "word": "to have the / no backbone to do sth"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "word": "nie mieć wystarczająco siły"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "word": "hartu"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "word": "by coś zrobić"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "word": "backing"
    },
    {
      "word": "backwardness"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "czas."
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "word": "backward"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "word": "backward"
    },
    {
      "word": "backwards"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "kręgosłup"
      ],
      "id": "pl-backbone-en-noun--FnAzPlX",
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "topics": [
        "anatomy"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Before automobiles, railroads were the backbone of commerce.",
          "translation": "Przed samochodami, kolej była dźwignią handlu."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kręgosłup, trzon, podstawa, filar, oś"
      ],
      "id": "pl-backbone-en-noun-qfkKBR9w",
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "metaphoric"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He would make a good manager if he had a little more backbone.",
          "translation": "Byłby z niego dobry menadżer, gdyby miał odrobinę więcej hartu ducha."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hart, siła, mocny charakter"
      ],
      "id": "pl-backbone-en-noun-HtpmZpnj",
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "tags": [
        "metaphoric"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "szkielet sieci"
      ],
      "id": "pl-backbone-en-noun-5m6plBSa",
      "sense_index": "1.4",
      "topics": [
        "computer-science"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ˈbækˌbəʊn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "\"b{k%b@Un",
      "tags": [
        "SAMPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "ˈbækˌboʊn",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "ˈbækˌbɔʊn",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-backbone.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-backbone.ogg/En-us-backbone.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-us-backbone.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spine"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "countable"
  ],
  "word": "backbone"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "angielski (indeks)"
  ],
  "etymology_texts": [
    "(1.1) ang. back + bone → plecy + kość",
    "(1.2-4) od (1.1)"
  ],
  "lang": "język angielski",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_text": "rzeczownik",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "translation": "ktoś do szpiku kości",
      "word": "sb to the backbone"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "translation": "stanowić trzon grupy",
      "word": "to be the backbone of a group"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "translation": "mieć",
      "word": "to have the / no backbone to do sth"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "word": "nie mieć wystarczająco siły"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "word": "hartu"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "word": "by coś zrobić"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "word": "backing"
    },
    {
      "word": "backwardness"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "czas."
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "word": "backward"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ],
      "word": "back"
    },
    {
      "word": "backward"
    },
    {
      "word": "backwards"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "kręgosłup"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "topics": [
        "anatomy"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Before automobiles, railroads were the backbone of commerce.",
          "translation": "Przed samochodami, kolej była dźwignią handlu."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kręgosłup, trzon, podstawa, filar, oś"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.2",
      "tags": [
        "metaphoric"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He would make a good manager if he had a little more backbone.",
          "translation": "Byłby z niego dobry menadżer, gdyby miał odrobinę więcej hartu ducha."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hart, siła, mocny charakter"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.3",
      "tags": [
        "metaphoric"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "szkielet sieci"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1.4",
      "topics": [
        "computer-science"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "ˈbækˌbəʊn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "\"b{k%b@Un",
      "tags": [
        "SAMPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "ˈbækˌboʊn",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "ˈbækˌbɔʊn",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-backbone.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-backbone.ogg/En-us-backbone.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/En-us-backbone.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1.1",
      "word": "spine"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "countable"
  ],
  "word": "backbone"
}