See must on Wiktionary
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "UMTS"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en anglais",
"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
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"orig": "u prononcés /œ/ en français",
"parents": [],
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"etymology_texts": [
"De l’anglais must."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"notes": [
"Ce terme est un calque de l’anglais, et à ce titre critiqué par l’OQLF, qui recommande d’y substituer essentiel, à ne pas manquer, impératif, obligé ou indispensable."
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 1",
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"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglicismes en français",
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{
"ref": "Catherine Rollot,Le mobilier en rotin redevient tendance, Le Monde, 15 avril 2017",
"text": "Sommets de l’érotisme à l’époque, le film Emmanuelle et son affiche firent de Sylvia Kristel une star, et du fauteuil, un must."
},
{
"ref": "Martin Legros, La lettre dePhilosophie Magazine, du 8 septembre 2020",
"text": "Être ou connaître un Belge, aller à Bruxelles ou à Gand en Thalys, s’y retrouver dans nos bières d’abbaye, fait dorénavant partie des musts. Même l’humour, sur les ondes des radios françaises, est aux mains des Belges."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Devoir incontournable ; obligation sociale."
],
"id": "fr-must-fr-noun-rsL~xEln",
"tags": [
"Anglicism"
]
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{
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"examples": [
{
"text": "En revanche, il s’agit d’une des seules voitures [la Citroen AX] comportant des porte-bouteilles dans les portières avant : un must !"
},
{
"ref": "Annie Ernaux, « Regarde les lumières mon amour », Seuil, 2014, page 62.",
"text": "La fête des Mères s’affiche partout dans le centre commercial. À Auchan, un espace lui est réservé, rempli de robots, d’aspirateurs, de machines à café – le must apparemment – parfums, etc."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chose superficielle mais plaisante."
],
"id": "fr-must-fr-noun-Pm01wDYP",
"raw_tags": [
"Ironique"
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"tags": [
"Anglicism"
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"Ce qu’il y a de mieux."
],
"id": "fr-must-fr-noun-1CXn1BtG",
"tags": [
"Anglicism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\mœst\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\mœst\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\mɔst\\"
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{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "must"
},
{
"lang": "Haoussa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"word": "must"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "must"
}
],
"word": "must"
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{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "UMTS"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en persan",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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{
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"orig": "français",
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"orig": "u prononcés /œ/ en français",
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}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du persan مست, mast (« intoxiqué »)."
],
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{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 2",
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"alt_of": [
{
"word": "musth"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Variante de musth."
],
"id": "fr-must-fr-noun-H6n-EEON",
"tags": [
"alt-of"
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"topics": [
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"ipa": "\\møst\\"
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"tags": [
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"word": "must"
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"anagrams": [
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"word": "Muts"
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"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Forme de verbe",
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"form_of": [
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"word": "musen"
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],
"glosses": [
"Deuxième personne du pluriel de l’impératif présent de musen."
],
"id": "fr-must-de-verb-q156dDi4"
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"id": "fr-must-de-verb-NBaRp64y"
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"Deuxième personne du singulier du présent de l’indicatif de musen."
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"Troisième personne du singulier du présent de l’indicatif de musen."
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"id": "fr-must-de-verb-47XNVTP1"
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"ipa": "\\muːst\\"
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{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en vieil anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Verbes auxiliaires en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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"kind": "other",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "must-have"
},
{
"word": "must-see"
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],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Nom commun 1) Issu du vieil anglais motan (« pouvoir ») via son participe passé moste ; apparenté à müssen en allemand, moeten en néerlandais."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "mustn’t",
"ipas": [
"\\mʌs.n̩t\\"
],
"raw_tags": [
"Négatif"
],
"tags": [
"present"
]
}
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"notes": [
"L’obligation peut aussi se traduire par should ; cette autre forme est un peu plus douce, comparable à la différence entre doit et devrait. Le passé du sens de conclusion logique est montré par l’aspect accompli, alors que le sens du devoir est montré par la périphrase had to.\n:* He must leave now.\n:*: Il doit partir maintenant.\n:* He must have left yesterday.\n:*: Il a dû partir hier (logiquement; on déduit qu'il est parti hier).\n:* He had to leave yesterday.\n:*: Il a dû partir hier (obligation; il a fallu qu'il parte hier).",
"Mais:",
"He must have left by tomorrow.\n:*: Il faut qu'il parte d'ici demain.",
"Must peut signifier une détermination du locuteur, tandis que have to signifie toujours une nécessité externe.",
"Après un auxiliaire, on utilise toujours have to :\n:* I will have to go there tomorrow.\n:*: Je devrai y aller demain."
],
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Verbe",
"raw_tags": [
"Auxiliaire"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ought"
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{
"word": "should"
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"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en anglais",
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"source": "w"
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"examples": [
{
"text": "I must go to the store.",
"translation": "Il faut que j’aille au magasin."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Devoir."
],
"id": "fr-must-en-verb-aoJOHTop",
"note": "suivant une obligation morale, légale, physique ou naturelle, ou une nécessité"
},
{
"categories": [
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"name": "Exemples en anglais",
"parents": [],
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It must be late.",
"translation": "Il doit se faire tard."
},
{
"text": "There must be a bug somewhere.",
"translation": "Il doit y avoir une bogue quelque part."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Devoir."
],
"id": "fr-must-en-verb-aoJOHTop1",
"note": "dans une expectative logique et forte"
}
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{
"word": "have to"
},
{
"word": "have got to"
}
],
"word": "must"
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"categories": [
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"name": "Lemmes en anglais",
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"ipas": [
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"tags": [
"plural"
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"lang_code": "en",
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"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en anglais à traduire",
"parents": [],
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{
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"name": "Termes populaires en anglais",
"parents": [],
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"examples": [
{
"text": "When you visit Paris, the Eiffel Tower is a must."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Must, devoir."
],
"id": "fr-must-en-noun-JUbB8tU7",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
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"glosses": [
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{
"word": "have to"
},
{
"word": "have got to"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
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"Noms communs en anglais",
"Verbes défectifs en anglais",
"anglais"
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"forms": [
{
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"ipas": [
"\\ˈmʌsts\\"
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"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 1",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Exemples en anglais à traduire",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "When you visit Paris, the Eiffel Tower is a must."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Must, devoir."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈmʌst\\"
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "requirement"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en anglais",
"Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en latin",
"Noms communs en anglais",
"Verbes défectifs en anglais",
"anglais"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du latin mustum."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"ipas": [
"\\ˈmʌsts\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 2",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en anglais de l’œnologie",
"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en anglais"
],
"glosses": [
"Moût."
],
"topics": [
"oenology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈmʌst\\"
},
{
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],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en anglais",
"Noms communs en anglais",
"Verbes défectifs en anglais",
"anglais"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Dérivation régressive de musty (« moisi »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"ipas": [
"\\ˈmʌsts\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 3",
"related": [
{
"word": "musty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Termes rares en anglais",
"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en anglais"
],
"glosses": [
"Moisi, moisissure."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\ˈmʌst\\"
},
{
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"raw_tags": [
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]
},
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],
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mold"
},
{
"word": "moldiness"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"Noms communs en basque",
"basque"
],
"derived": [
{
"translation": "la tête la première",
"word": "mustupilka"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Étymologie obscure."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "Déclinaison"
}
],
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en basque"
],
"glosses": [
"Plongeon, immersion."
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "murgil"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"Adjectifs en estonien",
"estonien"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Apparenté au finnois musta."
],
"lang": "Estonien",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "Adjectif",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Couleurs en estonien",
"Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en estonien"
],
"glosses": [
"Noir."
],
"topics": [
"colorimetry"
]
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "UMTS"
}
],
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en anglais",
"Noms communs en français",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en haoussa",
"Traductions en roumain",
"français",
"u prononcés /œ/ en français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"De l’anglais must."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"notes": [
"Ce terme est un calque de l’anglais, et à ce titre critiqué par l’OQLF, qui recommande d’y substituer essentiel, à ne pas manquer, impératif, obligé ou indispensable."
],
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 1",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Anglicismes en français",
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Catherine Rollot,Le mobilier en rotin redevient tendance, Le Monde, 15 avril 2017",
"text": "Sommets de l’érotisme à l’époque, le film Emmanuelle et son affiche firent de Sylvia Kristel une star, et du fauteuil, un must."
},
{
"ref": "Martin Legros, La lettre dePhilosophie Magazine, du 8 septembre 2020",
"text": "Être ou connaître un Belge, aller à Bruxelles ou à Gand en Thalys, s’y retrouver dans nos bières d’abbaye, fait dorénavant partie des musts. Même l’humour, sur les ondes des radios françaises, est aux mains des Belges."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Devoir incontournable ; obligation sociale."
],
"tags": [
"Anglicism"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Anglicismes en français",
"Exemples en français",
"Ironies en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "En revanche, il s’agit d’une des seules voitures [la Citroen AX] comportant des porte-bouteilles dans les portières avant : un must !"
},
{
"ref": "Annie Ernaux, « Regarde les lumières mon amour », Seuil, 2014, page 62.",
"text": "La fête des Mères s’affiche partout dans le centre commercial. À Auchan, un espace lui est réservé, rempli de robots, d’aspirateurs, de machines à café – le must apparemment – parfums, etc."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chose superficielle mais plaisante."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Ironique"
],
"tags": [
"Anglicism"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Anglicismes en français"
],
"glosses": [
"Ce qu’il y a de mieux."
],
"tags": [
"Anglicism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\mœst\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\mœst\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\mɔst\\"
},
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],
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}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "must"
},
{
"lang": "Haoussa",
"lang_code": "ha",
"word": "must"
},
{
"lang": "Roumain",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "must"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "UMTS"
}
],
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en persan",
"Noms communs en français",
"français",
"u prononcés /œ/ en français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du persan مست, mast (« intoxiqué »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun 2",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "musth"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Variante de musth."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\møst\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "must"
}
Download raw JSONL data for must meaning in All languages combined (22.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-07 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.