See barri on Wiktionary
{ "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lemmes en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Noms communs en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Français", "orig": "français", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "forms": [ { "form": "barris", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "baret" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Termes désuets en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Variante de baret." ], "id": "fr-barri-fr-noun-GmHS4eHZ", "tags": [ "alt-of", "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ba.ʁi\\" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Lyon (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Formes de verbes en français", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Français", "orig": "français", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "verb", "pos_title": "Forme de verbe", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrir" } ], "glosses": [ "Participe passé masculin singulier de barrir." ], "id": "fr-barri-fr-verb-aivrdxD8" } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ba.ʁi\\" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Lyon (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "form-of" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Noms communs en afar", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Afar", "orig": "afar", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "lang": "Afar", "lang_code": "aa", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Brousse." ], "id": "fr-barri-aa-noun-s92N5bSZ" } ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Mots en ancien occitan issus d’un mot en arabe", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Noms communs en ancien occitan", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Ancien occitan", "orig": "ancien occitan", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "Apparenté à bairro en portugais, barrio en espagnol, de l’arabe باري, bârrî (« extérieur »), passé du sens de « banlieue, quartier extérieur à une ville »." ], "lang": "Ancien occitan", "lang_code": "pro", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Faubourg." ], "id": "fr-barri-pro-noun-obZkJk9b" }, { "glosses": [ "Rempart." ], "id": "fr-barri-pro-noun-k9ww39Wn" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "bar" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Mots en catalan issus d’un mot en arabe", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Noms communs en catalan", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Catalan", "orig": "catalan", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "De l’arabe → voir barri en provençal, barrio de même sens en espagnol." ], "forms": [ { "form": "barris", "ipas": [ "\\ˈbaris\\" ], "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "lang": "Catalan", "lang_code": "ca", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lexique en catalan de l’urbanisme", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Quartier." ], "id": "fr-barri-ca-noun-gTLo3C3x", "raw_tags": [ "Urbanisme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈbari]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "El Prat de Llobregat (Espagne)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "raval" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "anagrams": [ { "word": "birra" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Formes de verbes en italien", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Italien", "orig": "italien", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "forms": [ { "form": "(tu) barri", "tags": [ "indicative" ] }, { "form": "che (io) barri", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "che (tu) barri", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "che (lui / lei) barri", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] } ], "lang": "Italien", "lang_code": "it", "pos": "verb", "pos_title": "Forme de verbe", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Deuxième personne du singulier de l’indicatif présent de barrare." ], "id": "fr-barri-it-verb-Iu6mnLP6" }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Première personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de barrare." ], "id": "fr-barri-it-verb-6wLLbDk4" }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Deuxième personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de barrare." ], "id": "fr-barri-it-verb-I3p4~t7K" }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Troisième personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de barrare." ], "id": "fr-barri-it-verb-eVrn4x6n" }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Troisième personne du singulier de l’impératif présent de barrare" ], "id": "fr-barri-it-verb-XmI7Et6L" } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ˈbar.ri\\" } ], "tags": [ "form-of" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Mots en occitan issus d’un mot en ancien occitan", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Noms communs en occitan", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Occitan en graphie normalisée", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Occitan", "orig": "occitan", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "derived": [ { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Barri" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Barry" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Delbarri" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Dubarri" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Dubarry" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "De l’ancien occitan barri." ], "forms": [ { "form": "barris", "ipas": [ "\\ˈbaris\\" ], "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "lang": "Occitan", "lang_code": "oc", "notes": [ "Un très grand nombre de villes d’Occitanie disposent d’un quartier ou d’une rue baptisée barri." ], "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "raw_tags": [ "graphie normalisée" ], "related": [ { "word": "baloard" }, { "word": "muralha" }, { "word": "empara" }, { "word": "borgada" }, { "word": "valat" }, { "word": "cabús" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lexique en occitan de l’urbanisme", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Faubourg." ], "id": "fr-barri-oc-noun-obZkJk9b", "raw_tags": [ "Urbanisme" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lexique en occitan de l’architecture", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Rempart, muraille, fortification." ], "id": "fr-barri-oc-noun-ewcmbHUi", "topics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lexique en occitan de l’agriculture", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Fossé pour provigner." ], "id": "fr-barri-oc-noun-KEqmgv-O", "topics": [ "agriculture" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lexique en occitan de l’agriculture", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Provin en espalier." ], "id": "fr-barri-oc-noun-mScl~hXP", "topics": [ "agriculture" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Lexique en occitan de la météorologie", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Grand nuage qui paraît et s’étend à l’horizon." ], "id": "fr-barri-oc-noun-U7NCSSe6", "topics": [ "meteorology" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈbari]" }, { "ipa": "[ˈbari]" }, { "ipa": "[ˈbaʁi]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "France (Béarn)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Formes de noms communs en sicilien", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Sicilien", "orig": "sicilien", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "lang": "Sicilien", "lang_code": "scn", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Forme de nom commun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en sicilien", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "barra" } ], "glosses": [ "Pluriel de barra." ], "id": "fr-barri-scn-noun-57WL7eig" }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en sicilien", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "barru" } ], "glosses": [ "Pluriel de barru." ], "id": "fr-barri-scn-noun-7UdexJuu" } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q33973 (scn)-XANA000-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Gela (Italie)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q33973 (scn)-XANA000-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "feminine", "form-of", "masculine" ], "word": "barri" }
{ "categories": [ "Noms communs en afar", "afar" ], "lang": "Afar", "lang_code": "aa", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Brousse." ] } ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ "Mots en ancien occitan issus d’un mot en arabe", "Noms communs en ancien occitan", "ancien occitan" ], "etymology_texts": [ "Apparenté à bairro en portugais, barrio en espagnol, de l’arabe باري, bârrî (« extérieur »), passé du sens de « banlieue, quartier extérieur à une ville »." ], "lang": "Ancien occitan", "lang_code": "pro", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Faubourg." ] }, { "glosses": [ "Rempart." ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "bar" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ "Mots en catalan issus d’un mot en arabe", "Noms communs en catalan", "catalan" ], "etymology_texts": [ "De l’arabe → voir barri en provençal, barrio de même sens en espagnol." ], "forms": [ { "form": "barris", "ipas": [ "\\ˈbaris\\" ], "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "lang": "Catalan", "lang_code": "ca", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Lexique en catalan de l’urbanisme" ], "glosses": [ "Quartier." ], "raw_tags": [ "Urbanisme" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈbari]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav/LL-Q7026_(cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "El Prat de Llobregat (Espagne)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-barri.wav" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "raval" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ "Lemmes en français", "Noms communs en français", "français" ], "forms": [ { "form": "barris", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "baret" } ], "categories": [ "Termes désuets en français" ], "glosses": [ "Variante de baret." ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ba.ʁi\\" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Lyon (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ "Formes de verbes en français", "français" ], "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "pos": "verb", "pos_title": "Forme de verbe", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrir" } ], "glosses": [ "Participe passé masculin singulier de barrir." ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ba.ʁi\\" }, { "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Lyon (France)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "form-of" ], "word": "barri" } { "anagrams": [ { "word": "birra" } ], "categories": [ "Formes de verbes en italien", "italien" ], "forms": [ { "form": "(tu) barri", "tags": [ "indicative" ] }, { "form": "che (io) barri", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "che (tu) barri", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] }, { "form": "che (lui / lei) barri", "tags": [ "subjunctive", "present" ] } ], "lang": "Italien", "lang_code": "it", "pos": "verb", "pos_title": "Forme de verbe", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Deuxième personne du singulier de l’indicatif présent de barrare." ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Première personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de barrare." ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Deuxième personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de barrare." ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Troisième personne du singulier du subjonctif présent de barrare." ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "barrare" } ], "glosses": [ "Troisième personne du singulier de l’impératif présent de barrare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "\\ˈbar.ri\\" } ], "tags": [ "form-of" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ "Mots en occitan issus d’un mot en ancien occitan", "Noms communs en occitan", "Occitan en graphie normalisée", "occitan" ], "derived": [ { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Barri" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Barry" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Delbarri" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Dubarri" }, { "lang": "Français", "lang_code": "fr", "word": "Dubarry" } ], "etymology_texts": [ "De l’ancien occitan barri." ], "forms": [ { "form": "barris", "ipas": [ "\\ˈbaris\\" ], "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "lang": "Occitan", "lang_code": "oc", "notes": [ "Un très grand nombre de villes d’Occitanie disposent d’un quartier ou d’une rue baptisée barri." ], "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Nom commun", "raw_tags": [ "graphie normalisée" ], "related": [ { "word": "baloard" }, { "word": "muralha" }, { "word": "empara" }, { "word": "borgada" }, { "word": "valat" }, { "word": "cabús" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Lexique en occitan de l’urbanisme" ], "glosses": [ "Faubourg." ], "raw_tags": [ "Urbanisme" ] }, { "categories": [ "Lexique en occitan de l’architecture" ], "glosses": [ "Rempart, muraille, fortification." ], "topics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "categories": [ "Lexique en occitan de l’agriculture" ], "glosses": [ "Fossé pour provigner." ], "topics": [ "agriculture" ] }, { "categories": [ "Lexique en occitan de l’agriculture" ], "glosses": [ "Provin en espalier." ], "topics": [ "agriculture" ] }, { "categories": [ "Lexique en occitan de la météorologie" ], "glosses": [ "Grand nuage qui paraît et s’étend à l’horizon." ], "topics": [ "meteorology" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈbari]" }, { "ipa": "[ˈbari]" }, { "ipa": "[ˈbaʁi]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav/LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "France (Béarn)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "barri" } { "categories": [ "Formes de noms communs en sicilien", "sicilien" ], "lang": "Sicilien", "lang_code": "scn", "pos": "noun", "pos_title": "Forme de nom commun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en sicilien" ], "form_of": [ { "word": "barra" } ], "glosses": [ "Pluriel de barra." ] }, { "categories": [ "Wiktionnaire:Exemples manquants en sicilien" ], "form_of": [ { "word": "barru" } ], "glosses": [ "Pluriel de barru." ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q33973 (scn)-XANA000-barri.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav/LL-Q33973_(scn)-XANA000-barri.wav.ogg", "raw_tags": [ "Gela (Italie)" ], "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q33973 (scn)-XANA000-barri.wav" } ], "tags": [ "feminine", "form-of", "masculine" ], "word": "barri" }
Download raw JSONL data for barri meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-25 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.