"ruga" meaning in All languages combined

See ruga on Wiktionary

Noun [Español]

IPA: [ˈru.ɣ̞a] Forms: ruga [singular], rugas [plural]
Rhymes: u.ɡa Etymology: Del latín rūga ("arruga"), de la raíz indoeuropea *kreu ("costra"), o *reu ("arrancar"). Etymology templates: {{etimología|la|ruga|arruga|alt=rūga}} Del latín rūga ("arruga")
  1. Pliegue (parte que se dobla) o raya de la piel, que puede resultar de distintos factores, pero generalmente por la edad.
    Sense id: es-ruga-es-noun-mi0DIq2W
  2. Por extensión, cualquier pliegue en una superficie o material flexible como la tela, el papel, etc.
    Sense id: es-ruga-es-noun-1wlci9S7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: arruga, enruga, estría, arruga, enruga, frunce, repliegue Related terms: rugar, rugosidad, rugoso

Noun [Español]

IPA: [ˈru.ɣ̞a] Forms: ruga [singular], rugas [plural]
Rhymes: u.ɡa Etymology: De ruca. Etymology templates: {{etimología|la|ruga|arruga|alt=rūga}} Del latín rūga ("arruga"), {{etimología|endo|ruca}} De ruca
  1. Variante de ruca (planta silvestre crucífera de flores violáceas común en el centro y norte de España).
    Sense id: es-ruga-es-noun-EkQVSbCW Categories (other): ES:Plantas, ES:Variantes
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Verb [Español]

IPA: [ˈru.ɣ̞a]
Rhymes: u.ɡa Etymology: De ruca. Etymology templates: {{etimología|la|ruga|arruga|alt=rūga}} Del latín rūga ("arruga"), {{etimología|endo|ruca}} De ruca
  1. Tercera persona del singular (ella, él, ello; usted, 2.ª persona) del presente de indicativo de rugar o de rugarse. Form of: rugar, rugarse
    Sense id: es-ruga-es-verb-6Xj51ePW Categories (other): ES:Formas verbales en indicativo
  2. Segunda persona del singular () del imperativo afirmativo de rugar. Form of: rugar
    Sense id: es-ruga-es-verb-P5yBnxWK Categories (other): ES:Formas verbales en imperativo
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: rúgate

Noun [Italiano]

IPA: /ˈru.ɡa/ Forms: ruga [singular], rughe [plural]
Rhymes: u.ɡa Etymology: Del latín ruga ("arruga"). Etymology templates: {{etimología|la|ruga|arruga|leng=it}} Del latín ruga ("arruga")
  1. Arruga (raya, pliegue).
    Sense id: es-ruga-it-noun-fbBVFrI8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: grinza, piega, rugoso

Noun [Latín]

IPA: [ˈrʊɡä], [ˈruːɡä]
Rhymes: u.ɡa Etymology: Del protoindoeuropeo *kreu ("costra"), o *reu ("arrancar"). Etymology templates: {{etimología|ine-pro|*kreu|costra|leng=la}} Del protoindoeuropeo *kreu ("costra") Forms: 1.ª declinación, rūga [singular], rūgae [plural], rūga [singular], rūgae [plural], rūgam [singular], rūgās [plural], rūgae [singular], rūgārum [plural], rūgae [singular], rūgīs [plural], rūgā [singular], rūgīs [plural]
  1. Arruga.
    Sense id: es-ruga-la-noun-C8jGQd0F
  2. Camino.
    Sense id: es-ruga-la-noun-Sa0yfJB2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Noun [Portugués]

IPA: [ˈhu.ɡɐ], [ˈχu.ɡɐ], [ˈhu.ɡa], [ˈʁu.ɣɐ] Forms: ruga [singular], rugas [plural]
Rhymes: u.ɡɐ Etymology: Del latín ruga. Cognado de rua ("calle"). Etymology templates: {{etimología|la|ruga|leng=pt}} Del latín ruga
  1. Arruga.
    Sense id: es-ruga-pt-noun-C8jGQd0F
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Hyponyms: ghela, prega Related terms: antirrugas, enrugar, rugoso

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras bisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras llanas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Rimas:u.ɡa",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Sustantivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Sustantivos femeninos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "alt": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\"), de la raíz indoeuropea *kreu (\"costra\"), o *reu (\"arrancar\").",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rugar"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rugosidad"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rugoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Pliegue (parte que se dobla) o raya de la piel, que puede resultar de distintos factores, pero generalmente por la edad."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-es-noun-mi0DIq2W",
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Por extensión, cualquier pliegue en una superficie o material flexible como la tela, el papel, etc."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-es-noun-1wlci9S7",
      "sense_index": "2"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.ɣ̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "arruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "enruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "estría"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "arruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "enruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "frunce"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "repliegue"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras bisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras llanas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Rimas:u.ɡa",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Sustantivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Sustantivos masculinos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "alt": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "endo",
        "2": "ruca"
      },
      "expansion": "De ruca",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De ruca.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "ES:Plantas",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "ES:Variantes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Variante de ruca (planta silvestre crucífera de flores violáceas común en el centro y norte de España)."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-es-noun-EkQVSbCW",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Plantas"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.ɣ̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "masculine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras bisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Palabras llanas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "ES:Rimas:u.ɡa",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Español",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "alt": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "endo",
        "2": "ruca"
      },
      "expansion": "De ruca",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De ruca.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "forma verbal",
  "related": [
    {
      "note": "imperativo pronominal",
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rúgate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "ES:Formas verbales en indicativo",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rugar"
        },
        {
          "word": "rugarse"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Tercera persona del singular (ella, él, ello; usted, 2.ª persona) del presente de indicativo de rugar o de rugarse."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-es-verb-6Xj51ePW",
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "ES:Formas verbales en imperativo",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rugar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Segunda persona del singular (tú) del imperativo afirmativo de rugar."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-es-verb-P5yBnxWK",
      "sense_index": "2"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.ɣ̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "form-of"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "IT:Palabras bisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "IT:Palabras llanas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "IT:Rimas:u.ɡa",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "IT:Sustantivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "IT:Sustantivos femeninos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Italiano",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "leng": "it"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín ruga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del latín ruga (\"arruga\").",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rughe",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Italiano",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "grinza"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "piega"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "rugoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Arruga (raya, pliegue)."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-it-noun-fbBVFrI8",
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.ɡa/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "LA:Rimas:u.ɡa",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "LA:Sustantivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "LA:Sustantivos femeninos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Latín",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kreu",
        "3": "costra",
        "leng": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Del protoindoeuropeo *kreu (\"costra\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del protoindoeuropeo *kreu (\"costra\"), o *reu (\"arrancar\").",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "1.ª declinación"
    },
    {
      "form": "rūga",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Nominativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Nominativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūga",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Vocativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Vocativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgam",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Acusativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgās",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Acusativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Genitivo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgārum",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Genitivo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Dativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgīs",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Dativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgā",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Ablativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgīs",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Ablativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latín",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Arruga."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-la-noun-C8jGQd0F",
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Camino."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-la-noun-Sa0yfJB2",
      "sense_index": "2"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈrʊɡä]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "clásico"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːɡä]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "eclesiástico"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "PT:Palabras bisílabas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "PT:Palabras llanas",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "PT:Rimas:u.ɡɐ",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "PT:Sustantivos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "PT:Sustantivos femeninos",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Portugués",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "leng": "pt"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín ruga",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del latín ruga. Cognado de rua (\"calle\").",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "ghela"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "prega"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portugués",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "antirrugas"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "enrugar"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "rugoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Arruga."
      ],
      "id": "es-ruga-pt-noun-C8jGQd0F",
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈhu.ɡɐ]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "brasilero"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈχu.ɡɐ]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "carioca"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈhu.ɡa]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gaúcho"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʁu.ɣɐ]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "europeo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡɐ"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "ES:Palabras bisílabas",
    "ES:Palabras llanas",
    "ES:Rimas:u.ɡa",
    "ES:Sustantivos",
    "ES:Sustantivos femeninos",
    "Español"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "alt": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\"), de la raíz indoeuropea *kreu (\"costra\"), o *reu (\"arrancar\").",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rugar"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rugosidad"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rugoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Pliegue (parte que se dobla) o raya de la piel, que puede resultar de distintos factores, pero generalmente por la edad."
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Por extensión, cualquier pliegue en una superficie o material flexible como la tela, el papel, etc."
      ],
      "sense_index": "2"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.ɣ̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "arruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "enruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "estría"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "arruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "enruga"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "frunce"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "repliegue"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "ES:Palabras bisílabas",
    "ES:Palabras llanas",
    "ES:Rimas:u.ɡa",
    "ES:Sustantivos",
    "ES:Sustantivos masculinos",
    "Español"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "alt": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "endo",
        "2": "ruca"
      },
      "expansion": "De ruca",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De ruca.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo masculino",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "ES:Plantas",
        "ES:Variantes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Variante de ruca (planta silvestre crucífera de flores violáceas común en el centro y norte de España)."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "Plantas"
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.ɣ̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "masculine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "ES:Palabras bisílabas",
    "ES:Palabras llanas",
    "ES:Rimas:u.ɡa",
    "Español"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "alt": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín rūga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "endo",
        "2": "ruca"
      },
      "expansion": "De ruca",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "De ruca.",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Español",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "forma verbal",
  "related": [
    {
      "note": "imperativo pronominal",
      "sense_index": "2",
      "word": "rúgate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "ES:Formas verbales en indicativo"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rugar"
        },
        {
          "word": "rugarse"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Tercera persona del singular (ella, él, ello; usted, 2.ª persona) del presente de indicativo de rugar o de rugarse."
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ES:Formas verbales en imperativo"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rugar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Segunda persona del singular (tú) del imperativo afirmativo de rugar."
      ],
      "sense_index": "2"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈru.ɣ̞a]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "form-of"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "IT:Palabras bisílabas",
    "IT:Palabras llanas",
    "IT:Rimas:u.ɡa",
    "IT:Sustantivos",
    "IT:Sustantivos femeninos",
    "Italiano"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "3": "arruga",
        "leng": "it"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín ruga (\"arruga\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del latín ruga (\"arruga\").",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rughe",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": "ru-ga",
  "lang": "Italiano",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "grinza"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "piega"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "rugoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Arruga (raya, pliegue)."
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈru.ɡa/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "LA:Rimas:u.ɡa",
    "LA:Sustantivos",
    "LA:Sustantivos femeninos",
    "Latín"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kreu",
        "3": "costra",
        "leng": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Del protoindoeuropeo *kreu (\"costra\")",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del protoindoeuropeo *kreu (\"costra\"), o *reu (\"arrancar\").",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "1.ª declinación"
    },
    {
      "form": "rūga",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Nominativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Nominativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūga",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Vocativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Vocativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgam",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Acusativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgās",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Acusativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Genitivo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgārum",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Genitivo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgae",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Dativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgīs",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Dativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgā",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Ablativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rūgīs",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Ablativo"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latín",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Arruga."
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Camino."
      ],
      "sense_index": "2"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈrʊɡä]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "clásico"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈruːɡä]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "eclesiástico"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡa"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "PT:Palabras bisílabas",
    "PT:Palabras llanas",
    "PT:Rimas:u.ɡɐ",
    "PT:Sustantivos",
    "PT:Sustantivos femeninos",
    "Portugués"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ruga",
        "leng": "pt"
      },
      "expansion": "Del latín ruga",
      "name": "etimología"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Del latín ruga. Cognado de rua (\"calle\").",
  "extra_sounds": {
    "acentuación": "llana",
    "longitud silábica": "bisílaba"
  },
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ruga",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "ghela"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "prega"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portugués",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "sustantivo femenino",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "antirrugas"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "enrugar"
    },
    {
      "sense_index": "1",
      "word": "rugoso"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Arruga."
      ],
      "sense_index": "1"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈhu.ɡɐ]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "brasilero"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈχu.ɡɐ]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "carioca"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈhu.ɡa]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "gaúcho"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈʁu.ɣɐ]",
      "raw_tags": [
        "europeo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "u.ɡɐ"
    }
  ],
  "tags": [
    "feminine"
  ],
  "word": "ruga"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ruga meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_section/48",
  "msg": "Unprocessed section: información adicional",
  "path": [
    "ruga"
  ],
  "section": "Español",
  "subsection": "información adicional",
  "title": "ruga",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "core/1021",
  "msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('leng', '', 'es')",
  "path": [
    "ruga",
    "Template:forma verbo"
  ],
  "section": "Español",
  "subsection": "forma verbal",
  "title": "ruga",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "core/1021",
  "msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('leng', '', 'es')",
  "path": [
    "ruga",
    "Template:forma verbo"
  ],
  "section": "Español",
  "subsection": "forma verbal",
  "title": "ruga",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_section/48",
  "msg": "Unprocessed section: derivados",
  "path": [
    "ruga"
  ],
  "section": "Latín",
  "subsection": "derivados",
  "title": "ruga",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_section/48",
  "msg": "Unprocessed section: descendientes",
  "path": [
    "ruga"
  ],
  "section": "Latín",
  "subsection": "descendientes",
  "title": "ruga",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "extractor/es/page/parse_entries/69",
  "msg": "Found unexpected nodes [<HTML(references){} >] in section [['Referencias y notas']]",
  "path": [
    "ruga"
  ],
  "section": "unknown",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "ruga",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-11 from the eswiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (11b4543 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.