"sam" meaning in Vietnamese

See sam in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [saːm˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [ʂaːm˧˧] [Huế], [saːm˧˧] [Huế], [ʂaːm˧˧] (note: Saigon), [saːm˧˧] (note: Saigon) Forms: con [classifier], [CJK], [CJK], 𧏰 [CJK], 𧓰 [CJK], 𪓫 [CJK]
Etymology: Highly unlikely due to irregular sound change. Possibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as "king crab"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. Compare Vietnamese đam (“field crab”) and Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”). Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-pro|*kt₁aam||crab}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”), {{cog|vi|đam||field crab}} Vietnamese đam (“field crab”), {{cog|onb|sam¹||horseshoe crab}} Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”) Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫}} sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫), {{vi-noun|杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫|cls=con}} (classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)
  1. a horseshoe crab Related terms: so, sam so
    Sense id: en-sam-vi-noun-TvP9U580 Categories (other): Vietnamese nouns classified by con, Vietnamese nouns classified by cây, Arthropods Disambiguation of Vietnamese nouns classified by cây: 67 33 Disambiguation of Arthropods: 46 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [saːm˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [ʂaːm˧˧] [Huế], [saːm˧˧] [Huế], [ʂaːm˧˧] (note: Saigon), [saːm˧˧] (note: Saigon) Forms: cây [classifier], [CJK]
Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=蔘}} sam • (蔘), {{vi-noun|蔘|cls=cây}} (classifier cây) sam • (蔘)
  1. common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Synonyms: rau sam
    Sense id: en-sam-vi-noun-F26zTxIu Categories (other): Pages with 28 entries, Pages with entries, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header, Arthropods Disambiguation of Pages with 28 entries: 4 1 1 1 6 2 0 1 5 5 6 6 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 6 0 1 1 0 7 1 1 5 1 1 0 6 2 7 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 5 1 1 1 7 1 0 1 4 4 4 4 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 5 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 10 1 1 6 0 1 0 9 2 10 1 1 Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 17 83 Disambiguation of Arthropods: 46 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*kt₁aam",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crab"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đam",
        "3": "",
        "4": "field crab"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese đam (“field crab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "onb",
        "2": "sam¹",
        "3": "",
        "4": "horseshoe crab"
      },
      "expansion": "Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Highly unlikely due to irregular sound change.\nPossibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as \"king crab\"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. Compare Vietnamese đam (“field crab”) and Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "con",
      "tags": [
        "classifier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "杉",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "衫",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𧏰",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𧓰",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𪓫",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫"
      },
      "expansion": "sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫",
        "cls": "con"
      },
      "expansion": "(classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Arthropods",
          "orig": "vi:Arthropods",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait",
          "text": "đuôi sam",
          "translation": "a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a horseshoe crab"
      ],
      "id": "en-sam-vi-noun-TvP9U580",
      "links": [
        [
          "horseshoe crab",
          "horseshoe crab#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "so"
        },
        {
          "word": "sam so"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sam"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cây",
      "tags": [
        "classifier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "蔘",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "蔘"
      },
      "expansion": "sam • (蔘)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "蔘",
        "cls": "cây"
      },
      "expansion": "(classifier cây) sam • (蔘)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 1 1 1 6 2 0 1 5 5 6 6 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 6 0 1 1 0 7 1 1 5 1 1 0 6 2 7 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 28 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 1 1 1 7 1 0 1 4 4 4 4 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 5 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 7 0 1 1 0 10 1 1 6 0 1 0 9 2 10 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Arthropods",
          "orig": "vi:Arthropods",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sam-vi-noun-F26zTxIu",
      "links": [
        [
          "common purslane",
          "common purslane"
        ],
        [
          "Portulaca oleracea",
          "Portulaca oleracea#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rau sam"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sam"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 28 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
    "Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "vi:Arthropods"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*kt₁aam",
        "4": "",
        "5": "crab"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đam",
        "3": "",
        "4": "field crab"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese đam (“field crab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "onb",
        "2": "sam¹",
        "3": "",
        "4": "horseshoe crab"
      },
      "expansion": "Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Highly unlikely due to irregular sound change.\nPossibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as \"king crab\"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. Compare Vietnamese đam (“field crab”) and Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "con",
      "tags": [
        "classifier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "杉",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "衫",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𧏰",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𧓰",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𪓫",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫"
      },
      "expansion": "sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫",
        "cls": "con"
      },
      "expansion": "(classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "so"
    },
    {
      "word": "sam so"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait",
          "text": "đuôi sam",
          "translation": "a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a horseshoe crab"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "horseshoe crab",
          "horseshoe crab#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sam"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 28 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese nouns",
    "Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "vi:Arthropods"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cây",
      "tags": [
        "classifier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "蔘",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "蔘"
      },
      "expansion": "sam • (蔘)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "蔘",
        "cls": "cây"
      },
      "expansion": "(classifier cây) sam • (蔘)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "common purslane",
          "common purslane"
        ],
        [
          "Portulaca oleracea",
          "Portulaca oleracea#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "rau sam"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʂaːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[saːm˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sam"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sam meaning in Vietnamese (3.5kB)

{
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  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "sam",
    "Template:cog",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
  ],
  "section": "Vietnamese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "sam",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 766537628<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 13:17:20 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "sam",
    "Template:cog",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
  ],
  "section": "Vietnamese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "sam",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 871935052<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 13:18:15 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.