"chữ cứng" meaning in Vietnamese

See chữ cứng in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kɨŋ˧˦] [Hà-Nội], [t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kɨŋ˦˧˥] [Huế], [cɨ˨˩˦ kɨŋ˦˥] (note: Saigon)
Etymology: chữ (“character”) + cứng (“hard”). Possibly a calque of Japanese 片仮名 (katakana), with reinterpretation of 片 (kata) as if it is from 固い (katai, “hard”). Etymology templates: {{com|vi|chữ|cứng|t1=character|t2=hard}} chữ (“character”) + cứng (“hard”), {{cal|vi|ja|片仮名|nocap=y|tr=katakana}} calque of Japanese 片仮名 (katakana) Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} chữ cứng, {{vi-noun}} chữ cứng
  1. katakana Categories (topical): Writing systems Related terms: chữ mềm
    Sense id: en-chữ_cứng-vi-noun-8ljcPso8 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "chữ",
        "3": "cứng",
        "t1": "character",
        "t2": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "chữ (“character”) + cứng (“hard”)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "ja",
        "3": "片仮名",
        "nocap": "y",
        "tr": "katakana"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of Japanese 片仮名 (katakana)",
      "name": "cal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "chữ (“character”) + cứng (“hard”). Possibly a calque of Japanese 片仮名 (katakana), with reinterpretation of 片 (kata) as if it is from 固い (katai, “hard”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "chữ cứng",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chữ cứng",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Writing systems",
          "orig": "vi:Writing systems",
          "parents": [
            "Writing",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "katakana"
      ],
      "id": "en-chữ_cứng-vi-noun-8ljcPso8",
      "links": [
        [
          "katakana",
          "katakana"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "chữ mềm"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kɨŋ˧˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kɨŋ˦˧˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[cɨ˨˩˦ kɨŋ˦˥]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chữ cứng"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "chữ",
        "3": "cứng",
        "t1": "character",
        "t2": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "chữ (“character”) + cứng (“hard”)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "ja",
        "3": "片仮名",
        "nocap": "y",
        "tr": "katakana"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of Japanese 片仮名 (katakana)",
      "name": "cal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "chữ (“character”) + cứng (“hard”). Possibly a calque of Japanese 片仮名 (katakana), with reinterpretation of 片 (kata) as if it is from 固い (katai, “hard”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "chữ cứng",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chữ cứng",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "chữ mềm"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Vietnamese compound terms",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese terms calqued from Japanese",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Japanese",
        "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "vi:Writing systems"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "katakana"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "katakana",
          "katakana"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kɨŋ˧˦]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kɨŋ˦˧˥]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[cɨ˨˩˦ kɨŋ˦˥]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chữ cứng"
}

Download raw JSONL data for chữ cứng meaning in Vietnamese (1.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.