"đêm" meaning in Vietnamese

See đêm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ʔɗem˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [ʔɗem˧˧] [Huế], [ʔɗem˧˧] [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City] Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đêm.wav [Hà-Nội] Forms: 店 [CJK], 𡖵 [CJK], 𣈔 [CJK], 𣈘 [CJK], 𣎀 [CJK]
Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm. Cognate with Muong têm, Tho [Cuối Chăm] teːm¹. Compare Semelai petom, Mon ဗ္တံ, Khmu [Cuang] psɨəm, Riang [Lang] sɔm¹. The Vietnamese words for "day" and "night" and their cognates have the same distribution within Vietic: reflexes of *-ŋiː (“day”) and *teːm (“night”) are only attested in Thổ, Pong and Viet-Muong, i.e. the "innovative Vietic" group, lacking cognates in the generally more conservative languages. Unlike the case of *-ŋiː (“day”) (> ngày), the existence of presyllable (if it existed) in Vietic can not be straightforwardly recovered: the tone of the word is consistently A1 in all languages, indicating what was most likely a monosyllabic root with voiceless onset (what the root is currently reconstructed as). The mismatch of vowels (Vietic showing front vowel, while the rest showing central or back vowels) is probably the biggest hindrance to connect đêm to other AA words. The cognacy between Vietnamese đêm and the other AA words, therefore, might be questionable. Non-final *t in the non-Northern branches sometimes corresponds to a fricative, an affricate or a palatal stop in Northern branches, cf. *trsam (“right”) and *c₁aŋ (“bitter”) in Proto-Khmuic, whose Proto-Vietic cognates are *tam (> Vietnamese đăm) and *taŋʔ (> đắng) respectively. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*teːm||night}} Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), {{inh|vi|mkh-pro|*btɔm}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm, {{cog|mtq|têm}} Muong têm, {{cog|tou|-}} Tho, {{cog|sza|petom}} Semelai petom, {{cog|mnw|ဗ္တံ}} Mon ဗ္တံ, {{cog|kjg|-}} Khmu, {{cog|ril|-}} Riang, {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*-ŋiː||day}} *-ŋiː (“day”), {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*teːm||night}} *teːm (“night”), {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*-ŋiː||day}} *-ŋiː (“day”), {{m|vi|ngày}} ngày, {{m|mkh-khm-pro|*trsam||right}} *trsam (“right”), {{m|mkh-khm-pro|*c₁aŋ||bitter}} *c₁aŋ (“bitter”), {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*tam ~ *dam|*tam}} *tam, {{m|vi|đăm}} đăm, {{m|mkh-vie-pro|*taŋʔ}} *taŋʔ, {{m|vi|đắng}} đắng Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀}} đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀), {{vi-noun|店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀}} đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀)
  1. night, especially late night after 9 PM, including the wee hours of the morning; the overnight hours; compare tối (“evening/night right after dark, about 6 to 8 PM”) Categories (topical): Night, Times of day Related terms: ban đêm, bóng đêm, chợ đêm, đêm đêm (từ láy), đêm hôm, đêm tối, nửa đêm
    Sense id: en-đêm-vi-noun-80~Uyl2k Categories (other): Semelai terms in nonstandard scripts, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header, Vietnamese nouns without classifiers

Download JSON data for đêm meaning in Vietnamese (5.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*teːm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "night"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*btɔm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "têm"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong têm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tou",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tho",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sza",
        "2": "petom"
      },
      "expansion": "Semelai petom",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnw",
        "2": "ဗ္တံ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mon ဗ္တံ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ril",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Riang",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*-ŋiː",
        "3": "",
        "4": "day"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ŋiː (“day”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*teːm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "night"
      },
      "expansion": "*teːm (“night”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*-ŋiː",
        "3": "",
        "4": "day"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ŋiː (“day”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "ngày"
      },
      "expansion": "ngày",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-khm-pro",
        "2": "*trsam",
        "3": "",
        "4": "right"
      },
      "expansion": "*trsam (“right”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-khm-pro",
        "2": "*c₁aŋ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "*c₁aŋ (“bitter”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*tam ~ *dam",
        "3": "*tam"
      },
      "expansion": "*tam",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đăm"
      },
      "expansion": "đăm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*taŋʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "*taŋʔ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đắng"
      },
      "expansion": "đắng",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm. Cognate with Muong têm, Tho [Cuối Chăm] teːm¹. Compare Semelai petom, Mon ဗ္တံ, Khmu [Cuang] psɨəm, Riang [Lang] sɔm¹.\nThe Vietnamese words for \"day\" and \"night\" and their cognates have the same distribution within Vietic: reflexes of *-ŋiː (“day”) and *teːm (“night”) are only attested in Thổ, Pong and Viet-Muong, i.e. the \"innovative Vietic\" group, lacking cognates in the generally more conservative languages. Unlike the case of *-ŋiː (“day”) (> ngày), the existence of presyllable (if it existed) in Vietic can not be straightforwardly recovered: the tone of the word is consistently A1 in all languages, indicating what was most likely a monosyllabic root with voiceless onset (what the root is currently reconstructed as). The mismatch of vowels (Vietic showing front vowel, while the rest showing central or back vowels) is probably the biggest hindrance to connect đêm to other AA words. The cognacy between Vietnamese đêm and the other AA words, therefore, might be questionable.\nNon-final *t in the non-Northern branches sometimes corresponds to a fricative, an affricate or a palatal stop in Northern branches, cf. *trsam (“right”) and *c₁aŋ (“bitter”) in Proto-Khmuic, whose Proto-Vietic cognates are *tam (> Vietnamese đăm) and *taŋʔ (> đắng) respectively.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "店",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𡖵",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈔",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈘",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣎀",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Semelai terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Night",
          "orig": "vi:Night",
          "parents": [
            "Darkness",
            "Time",
            "Light",
            "All topics",
            "Energy",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Times of day",
          "orig": "vi:Times of day",
          "parents": [
            "Periodic occurrences",
            "Timekeeping",
            "Time",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When did you go to bed last night?",
          "text": "Đêm qua đi ngủ mấy giờ?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "night, especially late night after 9 PM, including the wee hours of the morning; the overnight hours; compare tối (“evening/night right after dark, about 6 to 8 PM”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-đêm-vi-noun-80~Uyl2k",
      "links": [
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ],
        [
          "late",
          "late"
        ],
        [
          "wee hours",
          "wee hours"
        ],
        [
          "overnight",
          "overnight"
        ],
        [
          "tối",
          "tối#Vietnamese"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "ban đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "bóng đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "chợ đêm"
        },
        {
          "roman": "từ láy",
          "word": "đêm đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "đêm hôm"
        },
        {
          "word": "đêm tối"
        },
        {
          "word": "nửa đêm"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đêm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hà Nội)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "đêm"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*teːm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "night"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*btɔm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "têm"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong têm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tou",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tho",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sza",
        "2": "petom"
      },
      "expansion": "Semelai petom",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnw",
        "2": "ဗ္တံ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mon ဗ္တံ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ril",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Riang",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*-ŋiː",
        "3": "",
        "4": "day"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ŋiː (“day”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*teːm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "night"
      },
      "expansion": "*teːm (“night”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*-ŋiː",
        "3": "",
        "4": "day"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ŋiː (“day”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "ngày"
      },
      "expansion": "ngày",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-khm-pro",
        "2": "*trsam",
        "3": "",
        "4": "right"
      },
      "expansion": "*trsam (“right”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-khm-pro",
        "2": "*c₁aŋ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bitter"
      },
      "expansion": "*c₁aŋ (“bitter”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*tam ~ *dam",
        "3": "*tam"
      },
      "expansion": "*tam",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đăm"
      },
      "expansion": "đăm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "2": "*taŋʔ"
      },
      "expansion": "*taŋʔ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "đắng"
      },
      "expansion": "đắng",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm. Cognate with Muong têm, Tho [Cuối Chăm] teːm¹. Compare Semelai petom, Mon ဗ္တံ, Khmu [Cuang] psɨəm, Riang [Lang] sɔm¹.\nThe Vietnamese words for \"day\" and \"night\" and their cognates have the same distribution within Vietic: reflexes of *-ŋiː (“day”) and *teːm (“night”) are only attested in Thổ, Pong and Viet-Muong, i.e. the \"innovative Vietic\" group, lacking cognates in the generally more conservative languages. Unlike the case of *-ŋiː (“day”) (> ngày), the existence of presyllable (if it existed) in Vietic can not be straightforwardly recovered: the tone of the word is consistently A1 in all languages, indicating what was most likely a monosyllabic root with voiceless onset (what the root is currently reconstructed as). The mismatch of vowels (Vietic showing front vowel, while the rest showing central or back vowels) is probably the biggest hindrance to connect đêm to other AA words. The cognacy between Vietnamese đêm and the other AA words, therefore, might be questionable.\nNon-final *t in the non-Northern branches sometimes corresponds to a fricative, an affricate or a palatal stop in Northern branches, cf. *trsam (“right”) and *c₁aŋ (“bitter”) in Proto-Khmuic, whose Proto-Vietic cognates are *tam (> Vietnamese đăm) and *taŋʔ (> đắng) respectively.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "店",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𡖵",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈔",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈘",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣎀",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ban đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "bóng đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "chợ đêm"
    },
    {
      "roman": "từ láy",
      "word": "đêm đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "đêm hôm"
    },
    {
      "word": "đêm tối"
    },
    {
      "word": "nửa đêm"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Semelai terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Vietnamese terms with audio links",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples",
        "vi:Night",
        "vi:Times of day"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When did you go to bed last night?",
          "text": "Đêm qua đi ngủ mấy giờ?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "night, especially late night after 9 PM, including the wee hours of the morning; the overnight hours; compare tối (“evening/night right after dark, about 6 to 8 PM”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ],
        [
          "late",
          "late"
        ],
        [
          "wee hours",
          "wee hours"
        ],
        [
          "overnight",
          "overnight"
        ],
        [
          "tối",
          "tối#Vietnamese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đêm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Hà Nội)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "đêm"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.