đêm in All languages combined

IPA: [ʔɗem˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [ʔɗem˧˧] [Huế], [ʔɗem˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đêm.wav

Forms: 店 [CJK], 𡖵 [CJK], 𣈔 [CJK], 𣈘 [CJK], 𣎀 [CJK], y [reduplication] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm. Cognate with Muong têm, Tho [Cuối Chăm] teːm¹. Compare Semelai petom, Mon ဗ္တံ, Khmu [Cuang] psɨəm, Riang [Lang] sɔm¹. The Vietnamese words for "day" and "night" and their cognates have the same distribution within Vietic: reflexes of *-ŋiː (“day”) and *teːm (“night”) are only attested in Thổ, Pong and Viet-Muong, i.e. the "innovative Vietic" group, lacking cognates in the generally more conservative languages. Unlike the case of *-ŋiː (“day”) (> ngày), the existence of presyllable (if it existed) in Vietic can not be straightforwardly recovered: the tone of the word is consistently A1 in all languages, indicating what was most likely a monosyllabic root with voiceless onset (what the root is currently reconstructed as). The mismatch of vowels (Vietic showing front vowel, while the rest showing central or back vowels) is probably the biggest hindrance to connect đêm to other AA words. The cognacy between Vietnamese đêm and the other AA words, therefore, might be questionable. Non-final *t in the non-Northern branches sometimes corresponds to a fricative, an affricate or a palatal stop in Northern branches, cf. *trsam (“right”) and *c₁aŋ (“bitter”) in Proto-Khmuic, whose Proto-Vietic cognates are *tam (> Vietnamese đăm) and *taŋʔ (> đắng) respectively. Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*teːm||night}} Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), {{inh|vi|mkh-pro|*btɔm}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm, {{cog|mtq|têm}} Muong têm, {{cog|tou|-}} Tho, {{cog|sza|petom}} Semelai petom, {{cog|mnw|ဗ္တံ}} Mon ဗ္တံ, {{cog|kjg|-}} Khmu, {{cog|ril|-}} Riang Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phonemic reduplicative</i>|y|head=|tr=店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀}} đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀) (phonemic reduplicative y), {{vi-noun|店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀|rdp=y}} đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀) (phonemic reduplicative y)

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*teːm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "night"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*btɔm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "têm"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong têm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tou",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tho",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sza",
        "2": "petom"
      },
      "expansion": "Semelai petom",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnw",
        "2": "ဗ္တံ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mon ဗ္တံ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ril",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Riang",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm. Cognate with Muong têm, Tho [Cuối Chăm] teːm¹. Compare Semelai petom, Mon ဗ္တံ, Khmu [Cuang] psɨəm, Riang [Lang] sɔm¹.\nThe Vietnamese words for \"day\" and \"night\" and their cognates have the same distribution within Vietic: reflexes of *-ŋiː (“day”) and *teːm (“night”) are only attested in Thổ, Pong and Viet-Muong, i.e. the \"innovative Vietic\" group, lacking cognates in the generally more conservative languages. Unlike the case of *-ŋiː (“day”) (> ngày), the existence of presyllable (if it existed) in Vietic can not be straightforwardly recovered: the tone of the word is consistently A1 in all languages, indicating what was most likely a monosyllabic root with voiceless onset (what the root is currently reconstructed as). The mismatch of vowels (Vietic showing front vowel, while the rest showing central or back vowels) is probably the biggest hindrance to connect đêm to other AA words. The cognacy between Vietnamese đêm and the other AA words, therefore, might be questionable.\nNon-final *t in the non-Northern branches sometimes corresponds to a fricative, an affricate or a palatal stop in Northern branches, cf. *trsam (“right”) and *c₁aŋ (“bitter”) in Proto-Khmuic, whose Proto-Vietic cognates are *tam (> Vietnamese đăm) and *taŋʔ (> đắng) respectively.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "店",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𡖵",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈔",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈘",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣎀",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "y",
      "tags": [
        "reduplication"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "<i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">phonemic reduplicative</i>",
        "4": "y",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀) (phonemic reduplicative y)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀",
        "rdp": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀) (phonemic reduplicative y)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Semelai terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Night",
          "orig": "vi:Night",
          "parents": [
            "Darkness",
            "Time",
            "Light",
            "All topics",
            "Energy",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Times of day",
          "orig": "vi:Times of day",
          "parents": [
            "Periodic occurrences",
            "Timekeeping",
            "Time",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "ban đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "bóng đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "chợ đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "cú đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "đêm hôm"
        },
        {
          "word": "đêm ngày"
        },
        {
          "word": "đêm tối"
        },
        {
          "word": "đi đêm lắm có ngày gặp ma"
        },
        {
          "word": "hộp đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "ngày đêm"
        },
        {
          "word": "nửa đêm"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When did you go to bed last night?",
          "text": "Đêm qua đi ngủ mấy giờ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "With the first sign of spring, rejuvenated,\nAfter [just] a night, the bunches [of bananas] are now miraculously full.",
          "ref": "15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “芭蕉 Ba tiêu \"Banana\"”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):",
          "roman": "Từ bén hơi xuân tốt lại thêm,\nĐầy buồng lạ mầu/màu thâu đêm.",
          "text": "自变唏春卒吏添\n苔蓬邏牟偷店",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "night, especially late night after 9 PM, including the wee hours of the morning; the overnight hours; compare tối (“evening/night right after dark, about 6 to 8 PM”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-đêm-vi-noun-80~Uyl2k",
      "links": [
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ],
        [
          "late",
          "late"
        ],
        [
          "wee hours",
          "wee hours"
        ],
        [
          "overnight",
          "overnight"
        ],
        [
          "tối",
          "tối#Vietnamese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đêm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "đêm"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ban đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "bóng đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "chợ đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "cú đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "đêm hôm"
    },
    {
      "word": "đêm ngày"
    },
    {
      "word": "đêm tối"
    },
    {
      "word": "đi đêm lắm có ngày gặp ma"
    },
    {
      "word": "hộp đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "ngày đêm"
    },
    {
      "word": "nửa đêm"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*teːm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "night"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*btɔm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "têm"
      },
      "expansion": "Muong têm",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tou",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tho",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sza",
        "2": "petom"
      },
      "expansion": "Semelai petom",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mnw",
        "2": "ဗ္တံ"
      },
      "expansion": "Mon ဗ္တံ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjg",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ril",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Riang",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm. Cognate with Muong têm, Tho [Cuối Chăm] teːm¹. Compare Semelai petom, Mon ဗ္တံ, Khmu [Cuang] psɨəm, Riang [Lang] sɔm¹.\nThe Vietnamese words for \"day\" and \"night\" and their cognates have the same distribution within Vietic: reflexes of *-ŋiː (“day”) and *teːm (“night”) are only attested in Thổ, Pong and Viet-Muong, i.e. the \"innovative Vietic\" group, lacking cognates in the generally more conservative languages. Unlike the case of *-ŋiː (“day”) (> ngày), the existence of presyllable (if it existed) in Vietic can not be straightforwardly recovered: the tone of the word is consistently A1 in all languages, indicating what was most likely a monosyllabic root with voiceless onset (what the root is currently reconstructed as). The mismatch of vowels (Vietic showing front vowel, while the rest showing central or back vowels) is probably the biggest hindrance to connect đêm to other AA words. The cognacy between Vietnamese đêm and the other AA words, therefore, might be questionable.\nNon-final *t in the non-Northern branches sometimes corresponds to a fricative, an affricate or a palatal stop in Northern branches, cf. *trsam (“right”) and *c₁aŋ (“bitter”) in Proto-Khmuic, whose Proto-Vietic cognates are *tam (> Vietnamese đăm) and *taŋʔ (> đắng) respectively.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "店",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𡖵",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈔",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣈘",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "𣎀",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "y",
      "tags": [
        "reduplication"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "<i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">phonemic reduplicative</i>",
        "4": "y",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀) (phonemic reduplicative y)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀",
        "rdp": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀) (phonemic reduplicative y)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with redundant alt parameters",
        "English links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Semelai terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Vietnamese terms with quotations",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples",
        "vi:Night",
        "vi:Times of day"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When did you go to bed last night?",
          "text": "Đêm qua đi ngủ mấy giờ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "With the first sign of spring, rejuvenated,\nAfter [just] a night, the bunches [of bananas] are now miraculously full.",
          "ref": "15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “芭蕉 Ba tiêu \"Banana\"”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):",
          "roman": "Từ bén hơi xuân tốt lại thêm,\nĐầy buồng lạ mầu/màu thâu đêm.",
          "text": "自变唏春卒吏添\n苔蓬邏牟偷店",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "night, especially late night after 9 PM, including the wee hours of the morning; the overnight hours; compare tối (“evening/night right after dark, about 6 to 8 PM”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ],
        [
          "late",
          "late"
        ],
        [
          "wee hours",
          "wee hours"
        ],
        [
          "overnight",
          "overnight"
        ],
        [
          "tối",
          "tối#Vietnamese"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɗem˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đêm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C4%91%C3%AAm.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "đêm"
}

"đêm" meaning in All languages combined

Noun [Vietnamese]