See ác in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "惡"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "惡"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 14 4 47 17 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 3 62 12 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 12 2 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "evil",
"text": "cái ác",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruel; evil; inhumane; merciless"
],
"id": "en-ác-vi-adj-VY40Bt16",
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"inhumane",
"inhumane"
],
[
"merciless",
"merciless"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 51 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 40 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"savage"
],
"id": "en-ác-vi-adj-CCNMlIta",
"links": [
[
"savage",
"savage"
]
],
"qualifier": "joke or prank",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, of a remark, joke or prank) savage"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a remark"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blt",
"2": "ꪮꪱꪀ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "惡"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "惡"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "thiện"
}
],
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ác cảm"
},
{
"word": "ác chiến"
},
{
"word": "ác độc"
},
{
"word": "ác đức"
},
{
"word": "ác liệt"
},
{
"word": "ác ma"
},
{
"word": "ác mộng"
},
{
"word": "ác nhân"
},
{
"word": "ác nhơn"
},
{
"word": "ác ôn"
},
{
"word": "ác quỷ"
},
{
"word": "ác tính"
},
{
"word": "ác ý"
},
{
"word": "chơi ác"
},
{
"word": "độc ác"
},
{
"word": "gian ác"
},
{
"word": "hiểm ác"
},
{
"word": "hung ác"
},
{
"word": "quái ác"
},
{
"word": "tà ác"
},
{
"word": "tai ác"
},
{
"word": "tàn ác"
},
{
"word": "thủ ác"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "good and evil",
"text": "thiện (và) ác",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly",
"text": "Thiện, Ác, Tà",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil"
],
"id": "en-ác-vi-noun-tcH7Lvxt",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) evil"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*ʔaːk",
"4": "",
"5": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *ʔaːk (“crow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kʔaak",
"4": "*kʔaak ~ *kʔaik",
"5": "crow; to caw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔaak ~ *kʔaik (“crow; to caw”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *ʔaːk (“crow”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔaak ~ *kʔaik (“crow; to caw”). Compare ác là.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "con",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "鵶",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "鵶"
},
"expansion": "ác • (鵶)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鵶",
"cls": "con"
},
"expansion": "(classifier con) ác • (鵶)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ác tắm thì ráo, sáo tắm thì mưa"
},
{
"word": "ác vàng"
},
{
"word": "gà ác"
},
{
"word": "gửi trứng cho ác"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Near and far, there was no lack of croaking frogs and gathering crows.",
"text": "1870, Lê Ngô Cát & Phạm Đình Toái, Đại Nam Quốc Sử Diễn Ca (National History of the Great South in Verse), \"Sự loạn lạc ở Bắc hà (The Chaos North of the River (Gianh))\"\nLòng người đâu chẳng loạn ly;\nẾch kêu, ác họp thiếu gì gần xa!\nEverywhere, the chaos parted the folk's hearts;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crow"
],
"id": "en-ác-vi-noun-hR1J0wh2",
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Central Vietnam) crow"
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "惡"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "惡"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "evil",
"text": "cái ác",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruel; evil; inhumane; merciless"
],
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"inhumane",
"inhumane"
],
[
"merciless",
"merciless"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"savage"
],
"links": [
[
"savage",
"savage"
]
],
"qualifier": "joke or prank",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, of a remark, joke or prank) savage"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a remark"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ác cảm"
},
{
"word": "ác chiến"
},
{
"word": "ác độc"
},
{
"word": "ác đức"
},
{
"word": "ác liệt"
},
{
"word": "ác ma"
},
{
"word": "ác mộng"
},
{
"word": "ác nhân"
},
{
"word": "ác nhơn"
},
{
"word": "ác ôn"
},
{
"word": "ác quỷ"
},
{
"word": "ác tính"
},
{
"word": "ác ý"
},
{
"word": "chơi ác"
},
{
"word": "độc ác"
},
{
"word": "gian ác"
},
{
"word": "hiểm ác"
},
{
"word": "hung ác"
},
{
"word": "quái ác"
},
{
"word": "tà ác"
},
{
"word": "tai ác"
},
{
"word": "tàn ác"
},
{
"word": "thủ ác"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blt",
"2": "ꪮꪱꪀ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "惡"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "惡"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "thiện"
}
],
"categories": [
"Vietnamese literary terms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "good and evil",
"text": "thiện (và) ác",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly",
"text": "Thiện, Ác, Tà",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil"
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) evil"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ác tắm thì ráo, sáo tắm thì mưa"
},
{
"word": "ác vàng"
},
{
"word": "gà ác"
},
{
"word": "gửi trứng cho ác"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*ʔaːk",
"4": "",
"5": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *ʔaːk (“crow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kʔaak",
"4": "*kʔaak ~ *kʔaik",
"5": "crow; to caw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔaak ~ *kʔaik (“crow; to caw”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *ʔaːk (“crow”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔaak ~ *kʔaik (“crow; to caw”). Compare ác là.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "con",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "鵶",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "鵶"
},
"expansion": "ác • (鵶)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鵶",
"cls": "con"
},
"expansion": "(classifier con) ác • (鵶)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Central Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Near and far, there was no lack of croaking frogs and gathering crows.",
"text": "1870, Lê Ngô Cát & Phạm Đình Toái, Đại Nam Quốc Sử Diễn Ca (National History of the Great South in Verse), \"Sự loạn lạc ở Bắc hà (The Chaos North of the River (Gianh))\"\nLòng người đâu chẳng loạn ly;\nẾch kêu, ác họp thiếu gì gần xa!\nEverywhere, the chaos parted the folk's hearts;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crow"
],
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Central Vietnam) crow"
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ác meaning in Vietnamese (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.