See ác on Wiktionary
{
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"tags": [
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}
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{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
10
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],
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9,
11
]
],
"english": "to do much work",
"text": "hết fiệc ác",
"type": "example"
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"much; big; hard"
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"much"
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"big",
"big"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(of eating and work) much; big; hard"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of eating and work"
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"word": "pác ác"
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4,
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]
],
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]
],
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"text": "slấc ác",
"type": "example"
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"cruel; evil"
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"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
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"categories": [
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"_dis": "1 10 3 26 5 8 12 3 3 10 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"english": "evil",
"text": "cái ác",
"type": "example"
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{
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"examples": [
{
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],
"english": "intensely cold, freezing",
"text": "rét ác",
"type": "example"
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"having a harmful effect; intense and severe"
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24
]
],
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10
]
],
"english": "to dress up impressively",
"text": "ăn diện ác",
"type": "example"
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"at a higher, more impressive level"
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],
"raw_tags": [
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]
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"(informal, of a remark, joke or prank) savage"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a remark"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
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"tags": [
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
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"bor": "1",
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"expansion": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ (ác)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ (ác)"
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],
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"word": "ác cảm"
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{
"word": "ác chiến"
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{
"word": "ác độc"
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{
"word": "ác đức"
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{
"word": "ác liệt"
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{
"word": "ác ma"
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{
"word": "ác mộng"
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{
"word": "ác nhân"
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{
"word": "ác nhơn"
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{
"word": "ác ôn"
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{
"word": "ác quỷ"
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{
"word": "ác tính"
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{
"word": "ác ý"
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{
"word": "chơi ác"
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{
"word": "độc ác"
},
{
"word": "gian ác"
},
{
"word": "hiểm ác"
},
{
"word": "hung ác"
},
{
"word": "quái ác"
},
{
"word": "tà ác"
},
{
"word": "tai ác"
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{
"word": "tàn ác"
},
{
"word": "thủ ác"
},
{
"word": "tội ác"
}
],
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{
"english": "good and evil",
"text": "thiện (và) ác",
"type": "example"
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{
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17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
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"text": "Thiện, Ác, Tà",
"type": "example"
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"id": "en-ác-vi-noun-tcH7Lvxt",
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}
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{
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"word": "ác tắm thì ráo, sáo tắm thì mưa"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ác vàng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gà ác"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gửi trứng cho ác"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mỏ ác"
}
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{
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Doublet of ác là",
"name": "doublet"
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],
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"form": "con",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "鵶",
"tags": [
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},
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"pos": "noun",
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"categories": [
{
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"name": "Central Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"text": "1870, Lê Ngô Cát & Phạm Đình Toái, Đại Nam Quốc Sử Diễn Ca (National History of the Great South in Verse), \"Sự loạn lạc ở Bắc hà (The Chaos North of the River (Gianh))\"\nLòng người đâu chẳng loạn ly;\nẾch kêu, ác họp thiếu gì gần xa!\nEverywhere, the chaos parted the folk's hearts;",
"type": "quotation"
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],
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],
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-ác-vi-noun-ZfZjyoWf",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) carved wooden piece shaped like a crow, used to hold the weft thread in a loom"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "thỏ lặn ác tà",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Sun"
],
"id": "en-ác-vi-noun-wVYw7w10",
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[
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"Sun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, literary) the Sun"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
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{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
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{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
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"Tày lemmas",
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{
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],
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"text": "hết fiệc ác",
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}
],
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],
"links": [
[
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"much"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of eating and work) much; big; hard"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of eating and work"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˥]",
"note": "Thạch An – Tràng Định"
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{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦]",
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"Tày terms derived from Chinese",
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],
"derived": [
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}
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"name": "bor"
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"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Chinese 惡 /恶.",
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"1": "惡"
},
"expansion": "ác (惡)",
"name": "tyz-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Tày",
"lang_code": "tyz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tày terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"english": "the cruel invader",
"text": "slấc ác",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruel; evil"
],
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˥]",
"note": "Thạch An – Tràng Định"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦]",
"note": "Trùng Khánh"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rại"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tày entries with incorrect language header",
"Tày lemmas",
"Tày nouns",
"Tày terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyz",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "tyz-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tày",
"lang_code": "tyz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bambusa chungii"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˥]",
"note": "Thạch An – Tràng Định"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦]",
"note": "Trùng Khánh"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "惡"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "惡"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "evil",
"text": "cái ác",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cruel; evil; inhumane; merciless"
],
"links": [
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"inhumane",
"inhumane"
],
[
"merciless",
"merciless"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "intensely cold, freezing",
"text": "rét ác",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having a harmful effect; intense and severe"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "to dress up impressively",
"text": "ăn diện ác",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at a higher, more impressive level"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(after verbs, of actions) at a higher, more impressive level"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after verbs",
"of actions"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"savage"
],
"links": [
[
"savage",
"savage"
]
],
"qualifier": "joke or prank",
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, of a remark, joke or prank) savage"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a remark"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ác cảm"
},
{
"word": "ác chiến"
},
{
"word": "ác độc"
},
{
"word": "ác đức"
},
{
"word": "ác liệt"
},
{
"word": "ác ma"
},
{
"word": "ác mộng"
},
{
"word": "ác nhân"
},
{
"word": "ác nhơn"
},
{
"word": "ác ôn"
},
{
"word": "ác quỷ"
},
{
"word": "ác tính"
},
{
"word": "ác ý"
},
{
"word": "chơi ác"
},
{
"word": "độc ác"
},
{
"word": "gian ác"
},
{
"word": "hiểm ác"
},
{
"word": "hung ác"
},
{
"word": "quái ác"
},
{
"word": "tà ác"
},
{
"word": "tai ác"
},
{
"word": "tàn ác"
},
{
"word": "thủ ác"
},
{
"word": "tội ác"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "blt",
"2": "ꪮꪱꪀ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ác"
},
"expansion": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ (ác)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tai Dam: ꪮꪱꪀ (ác)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "惡"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "惡"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ác",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "thiện"
}
],
"categories": [
"Vietnamese literary terms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "good and evil",
"text": "thiện (và) ác",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"english": "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly",
"text": "Thiện, Ác, Tà",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil"
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) evil"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by con",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Austroasiatic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ác tắm thì ráo, sáo tắm thì mưa"
},
{
"word": "ác vàng"
},
{
"word": "gà ác"
},
{
"word": "gửi trứng cho ác"
},
{
"word": "mỏ ác"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*kr-ʔaːk",
"4": "",
"5": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *kr-ʔaːk (“crow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "aav-pro",
"3": "*kʔaːkʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "crow; to caw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *kʔaːkʔ (“crow; to caw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ác là"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ác là",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *kr-ʔaːk (“crow”), from Proto-Austroasiatic *kʔaːkʔ (“crow; to caw”). Doublet of ác là and bồ các. Sense 3 is probably from the association of the image of crows at dawn with the Sun at dawn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "con",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "鵶",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𪅴",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "鵶, 𪅴"
},
"expansion": "ác • (鵶, 𪅴)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鵶, 𪅴",
"cls": "con"
},
"expansion": "(classifier con) ác • (鵶, 𪅴)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Central Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Vietnamese literary terms",
"Vietnamese terms with archaic senses",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Near and far, there was no lack of croaking frogs and gathering crows.",
"text": "1870, Lê Ngô Cát & Phạm Đình Toái, Đại Nam Quốc Sử Diễn Ca (National History of the Great South in Verse), \"Sự loạn lạc ở Bắc hà (The Chaos North of the River (Gianh))\"\nLòng người đâu chẳng loạn ly;\nẾch kêu, ác họp thiếu gì gần xa!\nEverywhere, the chaos parted the folk's hearts;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crow"
],
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(North Central Vietnam, archaic or literary in other dialects) crow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "quạ"
}
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam",
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"carved wooden piece shaped like a crow, used to hold the weft thread in a loom"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) carved wooden piece shaped like a crow, used to hold the weft thread in a loom"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Vietnamese usage examples",
"Vietnamese literary terms",
"Vietnamese terms with archaic senses",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "thỏ lặn ác tà",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Sun"
],
"links": [
[
"Sun",
"Sun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, literary) the Sun"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʔaːk̚˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ác.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-%C3%A1c.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ác"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ác meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.