See กรุง in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "กรุงกษัตริย์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "กรุงเก่า"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "grung-kà-mǎo",
"word": "กรุงเขมา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "grung-têep",
"word": "กรุงเทพ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "กรุงพาลี"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "กรุงโรมไม่ได้สร้างเสร็จในวันเดียว"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kon-grung",
"word": "คนกรุง"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ชาวกรุง"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "บ้านนอกเข้ากรุง"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "เมืองกรุง"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lûuk-grung",
"word": "ลูกกรุง"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ក្រុង៑",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "kruṅ",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ក្រុង៑",
"tr": "kruṅ"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ)",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kruŋ",
"t": "to confine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "กรง"
},
"expansion": "Thai กรง (grong)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ក្រុង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ក្រុង (krong)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກຸງ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກຸງ (kung)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ) or កុរុង៑ (kuruṅ, “to rule, to govern; ruler, governor; head, chief”); ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”), whence Thai กรง (grong). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្រុង (krong) and Lao ກຸງ (kung).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "กุรุง",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุง • (grung)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 21 24 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "th:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
8
],
[
120,
124
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
71,
76
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
45
]
],
"english": "Speaking of the time [when] the lord of dharma, the raja of [all] lives, fared across [the world] without fearing [any] king throughout the land",
"ref": "c. 15th century, ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, พจนานุกรมศัพท์วรรณคดีไทย สมัยอยุธยา โคลงยวนพ่าย, กรุงเทพฯ: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, published 2002, →ISBN, page 97:",
"roman": "tà-lɛ̌ɛng bpaang tam-mít jâao · jɔɔm bpraan · sà-dèt lûuang bɔɔ greeng grung · tûua dâao",
"text": "แถลงปางธรรมิศรเจ้า จอมปราณ เสด็จล่วงบเกรงกรุง ทั่วด้าว",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monarch; sovereign"
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-l7~1C5xp",
"links": [
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"sovereign",
"sovereign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) monarch; sovereign"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 47 1 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 48 1 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 42 3 8 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 37 4 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 52 1 1 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Capital cities",
"orig": "th:Capital cities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 51 3 3 40",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "th:Cities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 32 23 15 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "th:Countries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 24 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "th:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
86,
93
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
75,
80
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
52
]
],
"english": "If a vessel of a merchant who is an English subject has come up to cast anchor at the capital",
"ref": "1856 April 6, “กดหมายอย่างพ่อค้าอังกฤษซึ่งมาค้าขายในกรุงฯ ต้องใช้”, in หนังสือสัญญากรุงเทพมหานครกับกรุงอังกริษเปนทางไมตรีค้าขายกัน, Bangkok: Washington Press, published 1856, page 18:",
"roman": "tâa gam-bpàn lûuk-káa yùu nai bang-káp ang-grìt kʉ̂n maa tɔ̂ɔt sà-mɔ̌ɔ tîi grung lɛ́ɛo",
"text": "ถ้ากำปั่นลูกค้าอยู่ในบังคับอังกฤษขึ้นมาทอดสมอที่กรุงแล้ว",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
82,
89
],
[
108,
115
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
37,
42
],
[
49,
54
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
],
[
27,
31
]
],
"english": "All the subdistrict chiefs, district chiefs, [and] inhabitants, [both] inside the capital [and] outside the capital",
"ref": "1870 June 2, “ประกาศภาษีเรือ”, in กฎหมายไทย คือ พระราชบัญญัติและประกาศซึ่งตั้งขึ้นในรัชกาลของพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวผู้ทรงพระคุณธรรมอันประเสริฐ, volume 1, กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์วิชากร, published 1893:",
"roman": "gam-nan naai-am-pəə râat-sà-dɔɔn nai grung nɔ̂ɔk grung táng-bpuuang",
"text": "กำนันนายอำเภอราษฎรในกรุงนอกกรุงทั้งปวง",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city where the sovereign resides; capital city; city which is the seat of government"
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-L7WXLdfT",
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"reside",
"reside"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"seat of government",
"seat of government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) city where the sovereign resides; capital city; city which is the seat of government"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 32 23 15 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "th:Countries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 24 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "th:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
43
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
25
]
],
"english": "The king of Haṃsavatī who came to attack the Old Kingdom",
"ref": "1907 August 26, ดำรงราชานุภาพ, พระเจ้าน้องยาเธอ กรมหลวง, พระราชพงษาวดารกรุงเก่า ฉบับหลวงประเสริฐอักษรนิติ์, กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์ไทย, page ก:",
"roman": "prá-jâao hǒng-sǎa-wá-dii tîi maa dtii grung gào",
"text": "พระเจ้าหงษาวดีที่มาตีกรุงเก่า",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-NZTjUQDe",
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 37 4 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 32 23 15 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "th:Countries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 24 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "th:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
40,
47
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "Withdrew the army [and] returned to the kingdom of Haṃsavatī by the arrival route",
"ref": "1855, “แผ่นดินสมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิราชาธิราช”, in พระราชพงษาวดาร ฉบับพระราชหัดถเลขา, volume 1, กรุงเทพฯ: หอพระสมุดวชิรญาณ, published 1912, page 27:",
"roman": "lə̂ək táp glàp bpai grung hǒng-sǎa-wá-dii dooi taang maa",
"text": "เลิกทัพกลับไปกรุงหงษาวดีโดยทางมา",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
25,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "Any city which is subject to the king of the kingdom of France",
"ref": "1863 August 11, “สัญญาที่องค์สมเด็จพระนโรดมฯ ว่าถูกบังคับให้ลงนามให้ทำกับฝรั่งเศสเมื่อวันที่ ๑๑ สิงหาคม พุทธศักราช ๒๔๐๖”, in ไทยสถาปนากษัตริย์เขมร, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักทำเนียบนายกรัฐมนตรี, published 1962, page 106:",
"roman": "mʉʉang dai tîi kʉ̂n jâao grung fà-ràng-sèet",
"text": "เมืองใดที่ขึ้นเจ้ากรุงฝรั่งเศส",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a prefix to the name of a nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-1Lz-F8C4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) used as a prefix to the name of a nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 47 1 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 48 1 3 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 42 3 8 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 37 4 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 52 1 1 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Capital cities",
"orig": "th:Capital cities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 32 23 15 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "th:Countries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 24 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "th:Monarchy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
139,
143
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
56,
60
]
],
"english": "The seal of the deity carrying a discus...is impressed upon the lac wax attached to the covering of the container of a royal letter to the city of Peking.",
"ref": "1804, ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, กฎหมายตราสามดวง: พระทำนูน ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, กรุงเทพฯ: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, published 2010, →ISBN, page 147:",
"roman": "dtraa têep-pá-yú-daa tʉ̌ʉ jàk ... bpìt ngóp-krâng bprà-jam nɔ̂ɔk prá lúng prá râat-chá sǎan bpai grung bpàak-gìng",
"text": "ตราเทพยุดาถือจักร...ปิดงบครั่งประจำนอกพระลุ้งพระราชสารไปกรุงปากกิ่ง",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "The Siamese minister at the city of London has submitted the letter of the Minister [in charge of] the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.",
"ref": "1931 July 31, “ประกาศกระทรวงการต่างประเทศ ลงวันที่ ๓๑ กรกฎาคม ๒๔๗๔”, in ประกาศพระราชบัญญัติและพระราชกำหนดต่าง ๆ รัชชกาลที่ ๗, volume 7, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์บำรุงนุกูลกิจ, published 1931, page 161:",
"roman": "àk-krá-râat-chá-tûut sà-yǎam nɔɔ grung lɔn-dɔn dâai yʉ̂ʉn jòt-mǎai sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii grà-suuang gaan dtàang-bprà-têet",
"text": "อัครราชทูตสยามณกรุงลอนดอนได้ยื่นจดหมายเสนาบดีกระทรวงการต่างประเทศ",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a prefix to the name of a capital city or a city serving as the seat of government"
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-Jjbck1tb"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruŋ˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุง"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for transliteration of Thai quotations",
"Rhymes:Thai/uŋ",
"Thai 1-syllable words",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Capital cities",
"th:Cities",
"th:Countries",
"th:Monarchy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "กรุงกษัตริย์"
},
{
"word": "กรุงเก่า"
},
{
"roman": "grung-kà-mǎo",
"word": "กรุงเขมา"
},
{
"roman": "grung-têep",
"word": "กรุงเทพ"
},
{
"word": "กรุงพาลี"
},
{
"word": "กรุงโรมไม่ได้สร้างเสร็จในวันเดียว"
},
{
"roman": "kon-grung",
"word": "คนกรุง"
},
{
"word": "ชาวกรุง"
},
{
"word": "บ้านนอกเข้ากรุง"
},
{
"word": "เมืองกรุง"
},
{
"roman": "lûuk-grung",
"word": "ลูกกรุง"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ក្រុង៑",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "kruṅ",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ក្រុង៑",
"tr": "kruṅ"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ)",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kruŋ",
"t": "to confine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "กรง"
},
"expansion": "Thai กรง (grong)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ក្រុង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ក្រុង (krong)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກຸງ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກຸງ (kung)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ) or កុរុង៑ (kuruṅ, “to rule, to govern; ruler, governor; head, chief”); ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”), whence Thai กรง (grong). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្រុង (krong) and Lao ກຸງ (kung).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "กุรุง",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุง • (grung)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
4,
8
],
[
120,
124
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
71,
76
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
45
]
],
"english": "Speaking of the time [when] the lord of dharma, the raja of [all] lives, fared across [the world] without fearing [any] king throughout the land",
"ref": "c. 15th century, ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, พจนานุกรมศัพท์วรรณคดีไทย สมัยอยุธยา โคลงยวนพ่าย, กรุงเทพฯ: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, published 2002, →ISBN, page 97:",
"roman": "tà-lɛ̌ɛng bpaang tam-mít jâao · jɔɔm bpraan · sà-dèt lûuang bɔɔ greeng grung · tûua dâao",
"text": "แถลงปางธรรมิศรเจ้า จอมปราณ เสด็จล่วงบเกรงกรุง ทั่วด้าว",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monarch; sovereign"
],
"links": [
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"sovereign",
"sovereign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) monarch; sovereign"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
86,
93
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
75,
80
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
52
]
],
"english": "If a vessel of a merchant who is an English subject has come up to cast anchor at the capital",
"ref": "1856 April 6, “กดหมายอย่างพ่อค้าอังกฤษซึ่งมาค้าขายในกรุงฯ ต้องใช้”, in หนังสือสัญญากรุงเทพมหานครกับกรุงอังกริษเปนทางไมตรีค้าขายกัน, Bangkok: Washington Press, published 1856, page 18:",
"roman": "tâa gam-bpàn lûuk-káa yùu nai bang-káp ang-grìt kʉ̂n maa tɔ̂ɔt sà-mɔ̌ɔ tîi grung lɛ́ɛo",
"text": "ถ้ากำปั่นลูกค้าอยู่ในบังคับอังกฤษขึ้นมาทอดสมอที่กรุงแล้ว",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
82,
89
],
[
108,
115
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
37,
42
],
[
49,
54
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
],
[
27,
31
]
],
"english": "All the subdistrict chiefs, district chiefs, [and] inhabitants, [both] inside the capital [and] outside the capital",
"ref": "1870 June 2, “ประกาศภาษีเรือ”, in กฎหมายไทย คือ พระราชบัญญัติและประกาศซึ่งตั้งขึ้นในรัชกาลของพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวผู้ทรงพระคุณธรรมอันประเสริฐ, volume 1, กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์วิชากร, published 1893:",
"roman": "gam-nan naai-am-pəə râat-sà-dɔɔn nai grung nɔ̂ɔk grung táng-bpuuang",
"text": "กำนันนายอำเภอราษฎรในกรุงนอกกรุงทั้งปวง",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city where the sovereign resides; capital city; city which is the seat of government"
],
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"reside",
"reside"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"seat of government",
"seat of government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) city where the sovereign resides; capital city; city which is the seat of government"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
38,
43
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
25
]
],
"english": "The king of Haṃsavatī who came to attack the Old Kingdom",
"ref": "1907 August 26, ดำรงราชานุภาพ, พระเจ้าน้องยาเธอ กรมหลวง, พระราชพงษาวดารกรุงเก่า ฉบับหลวงประเสริฐอักษรนิติ์, กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์ไทย, page ก:",
"roman": "prá-jâao hǒng-sǎa-wá-dii tîi maa dtii grung gào",
"text": "พระเจ้าหงษาวดีที่มาตีกรุงเก่า",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"kingdom",
"kingdom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
40,
47
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "Withdrew the army [and] returned to the kingdom of Haṃsavatī by the arrival route",
"ref": "1855, “แผ่นดินสมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิราชาธิราช”, in พระราชพงษาวดาร ฉบับพระราชหัดถเลขา, volume 1, กรุงเทพฯ: หอพระสมุดวชิรญาณ, published 1912, page 27:",
"roman": "lə̂ək táp glàp bpai grung hǒng-sǎa-wá-dii dooi taang maa",
"text": "เลิกทัพกลับไปกรุงหงษาวดีโดยทางมา",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
25,
30
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "Any city which is subject to the king of the kingdom of France",
"ref": "1863 August 11, “สัญญาที่องค์สมเด็จพระนโรดมฯ ว่าถูกบังคับให้ลงนามให้ทำกับฝรั่งเศสเมื่อวันที่ ๑๑ สิงหาคม พุทธศักราช ๒๔๐๖”, in ไทยสถาปนากษัตริย์เขมร, กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักทำเนียบนายกรัฐมนตรี, published 1962, page 106:",
"roman": "mʉʉang dai tîi kʉ̂n jâao grung fà-ràng-sèet",
"text": "เมืองใดที่ขึ้นเจ้ากรุงฝรั่งเศส",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a prefix to the name of a nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) used as a prefix to the name of a nation or country, especially a kingdom"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
139,
143
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
56,
60
]
],
"english": "The seal of the deity carrying a discus...is impressed upon the lac wax attached to the covering of the container of a royal letter to the city of Peking.",
"ref": "1804, ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, กฎหมายตราสามดวง: พระทำนูน ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, กรุงเทพฯ: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, published 2010, →ISBN, page 147:",
"roman": "dtraa têep-pá-yú-daa tʉ̌ʉ jàk ... bpìt ngóp-krâng bprà-jam nɔ̂ɔk prá lúng prá râat-chá sǎan bpai grung bpàak-gìng",
"text": "ตราเทพยุดาถือจักร...ปิดงบครั่งประจำนอกพระลุ้งพระราชสารไปกรุงปากกิ่ง",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "The Siamese minister at the city of London has submitted the letter of the Minister [in charge of] the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.",
"ref": "1931 July 31, “ประกาศกระทรวงการต่างประเทศ ลงวันที่ ๓๑ กรกฎาคม ๒๔๗๔”, in ประกาศพระราชบัญญัติและพระราชกำหนดต่าง ๆ รัชชกาลที่ ๗, volume 7, พระนคร: โรงพิมพ์บำรุงนุกูลกิจ, published 1931, page 161:",
"roman": "àk-krá-râat-chá-tûut sà-yǎam nɔɔ grung lɔn-dɔn dâai yʉ̂ʉn jòt-mǎai sěe-naa-bɔɔ-dii grà-suuang gaan dtàang-bprà-têet",
"text": "อัครราชทูตสยามณกรุงลอนดอนได้ยื่นจดหมายเสนาบดีกระทรวงการต่างประเทศ",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a prefix to the name of a capital city or a city serving as the seat of government"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruŋ˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุง"
}
Download raw JSONL data for กรุง meaning in Thai (11.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.