See กรุง on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for กรุง meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "grung-kà-mǎo",
"word": "กรุงเขมา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "grung-têep",
"word": "กรุงเทพฯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "กรุงพาลี"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "grung-hék",
"word": "กรุงเฮก"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "lûuk-grung",
"word": "ลูกกรุง"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ក្រុង៑",
"tr": "kruṅ"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ក្រុង",
"tr": "kruṅa"
},
"expansion": "ក្រុង (kruṅa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "កុរុង៑",
"gloss": "to rule, to govern; king, prince; ruler, governor; head, chief, master; kingdom, realm; city-state; etc",
"tr": "kuruṅ"
},
"expansion": "កុរុង៑ (kuruṅ, “to rule, to govern; king, prince; ruler, governor; head, chief, master; kingdom, realm; city-state; etc”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kruŋ",
"t": "to confine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ក្រុង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ក្រុង (krong)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກຸງ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກຸງ (kung)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ), ក្រុង (kruṅa), កុរុង៑ (kuruṅ, “to rule, to govern; king, prince; ruler, governor; head, chief, master; kingdom, realm; city-state; etc”); ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្រុង (krong), Lao ກຸງ (kung).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุง • (grung)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "88 11 1",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Capital cities",
"orig": "th:Capital cities",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 23 4",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "th:Cities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"capital city; city of government seat, though not being capital city."
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-0N~LagGX",
"links": [
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"government",
"government"
],
[
"seat",
"seat"
],
[
"though",
"though"
],
[
"being",
"be"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 76 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 59 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 77 4",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "th:Countries",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city-state; nation, country."
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-s07rARSb",
"links": [
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) city-state; nation, country."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "10 89 1",
"roman": "bâan-mʉʉang",
"sense": "city-state",
"word": "บ้านเมือง"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 22 58",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "th:Monarchy",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"High society",
"Government",
"Society",
"Politics",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sovereign of the Lao is extremely enraged, like a fire that is furiously burning.",
"ref": "ยวนพ่าย",
"text": "แถลงปางธรรมิศรเจ้า จอมปราณ เสด็จล่วงบเกรงกรุง ทั่วด้าว\ntà-lɛ̌ɛng bpaang tam-mít jâao · jɔɔm-bpraan · sà-dèt lûuang bɔɔ greeng grung · tûua dâao\nNow it will tell of the time that the pious king who was the lord of lives invaded every region without fearing any king on earth.\nกรุงลาวกรยงโกรธฟุ้ง ไฟลาม ลู่แฮ\ngrung laao griiang gròot fúng · fai laam · lûu hɛɛ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monarch; sovereign."
],
"id": "en-กรุง-th-noun-URC1sZ~w",
"links": [
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"sovereign",
"sovereign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) monarch; sovereign."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 96",
"roman": "gà-sàt",
"sense": "monarch",
"word": "กษัตริย์"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruŋ˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "râat-chá-taa-nii",
"word": "capital cityนครหลวงพระนครเมืองหลวงเมืองเอกราชธานี"
}
],
"word": "กรุง"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Thai/uŋ",
"Thai 1-syllable words",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Capital cities",
"th:Cities",
"th:Countries",
"th:Monarchy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "grung-kà-mǎo",
"word": "กรุงเขมา"
},
{
"roman": "grung-têep",
"word": "กรุงเทพฯ"
},
{
"word": "กรุงพาลี"
},
{
"roman": "grung-hék",
"word": "กรุงเฮก"
},
{
"roman": "lûuk-grung",
"word": "ลูกกรุง"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ក្រុង៑",
"tr": "kruṅ"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ក្រុង",
"tr": "kruṅa"
},
"expansion": "ក្រុង (kruṅa)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "កុរុង៑",
"gloss": "to rule, to govern; king, prince; ruler, governor; head, chief, master; kingdom, realm; city-state; etc",
"tr": "kuruṅ"
},
"expansion": "កុរុង៑ (kuruṅ, “to rule, to govern; king, prince; ruler, governor; head, chief, master; kingdom, realm; city-state; etc”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kruŋ",
"t": "to confine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ក្រុង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ក្រុង (krong)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກຸງ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກຸງ (kung)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Khmer ក្រុង៑ (kruṅ), ក្រុង (kruṅa), កុរុង៑ (kuruṅ, “to rule, to govern; king, prince; ruler, governor; head, chief, master; kingdom, realm; city-state; etc”); ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruŋ (“to confine”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្រុង (krong), Lao ກຸງ (kung).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grung",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุง • (grung)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"capital city; city of government seat, though not being capital city."
],
"links": [
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"government",
"government"
],
[
"seat",
"seat"
],
[
"though",
"though"
],
[
"being",
"be"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"city-state; nation, country."
],
"links": [
[
"city-state",
"city-state"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"country",
"country"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) city-state; nation, country."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sovereign of the Lao is extremely enraged, like a fire that is furiously burning.",
"ref": "ยวนพ่าย",
"text": "แถลงปางธรรมิศรเจ้า จอมปราณ เสด็จล่วงบเกรงกรุง ทั่วด้าว\ntà-lɛ̌ɛng bpaang tam-mít jâao · jɔɔm-bpraan · sà-dèt lûuang bɔɔ greeng grung · tûua dâao\nNow it will tell of the time that the pious king who was the lord of lives invaded every region without fearing any king on earth.\nกรุงลาวกรยงโกรธฟุ้ง ไฟลาม ลู่แฮ\ngrung laao griiang gròot fúng · fai laam · lûu hɛɛ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monarch; sovereign."
],
"links": [
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
],
[
"sovereign",
"sovereign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) monarch; sovereign."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruŋ˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "râat-chá-taa-nii",
"word": "capital cityนครหลวงพระนครเมืองหลวงเมืองเอกราชธานี"
},
{
"roman": "bâan-mʉʉang",
"sense": "city-state",
"word": "บ้านเมือง"
},
{
"roman": "gà-sàt",
"sense": "monarch",
"word": "กษัตริย์"
}
],
"word": "กรุง"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.