"กฎ" meaning in Thai

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "កត៑",
        "tr": "kat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer កត៑ (kat)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กำหนด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "កត់"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer កត់ (kɑt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ກົດ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ກົດ (kot)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กด (gòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer កត៑ (kat), *កត៑ (*kat), កត (kata, “to engrave, to inscribe, to mark down, to note down, to record, to register; to note, to observe; to decide, to solve, to resolve; etc”); extended as កំម្នត៑ (kaṃmnat), កាំនត (kāṃnata), from which Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt) was derived. Cognate with Modern Khmer កត់ (kɑt); Lao ກົດ (kot). Possibly cognate with Thai กด (gòt).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "กฎ",
      "name": "th-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 13 24 15 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant audio template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 21 13 24 16 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms without th-pron template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to engrave, to inscribe; to mark down, to note down; to record, to register."
      ],
      "id": "en-กฎ-th-verb-4u72vQl6",
      "links": [
        [
          "engrave",
          "engrave"
        ],
        [
          "inscribe",
          "inscribe"
        ],
        [
          "mark down",
          "mark down"
        ],
        [
          "note down",
          "note down"
        ],
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "register",
          "register"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) to engrave, to inscribe; to mark down, to note down; to record, to register."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 13 24 15 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant audio template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 21 13 24 16 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms without th-pron template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 18 35 31 2 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "th:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to command, to decree, to direct, to instruct, to order, to ordain; to rule, to decide, to judge, to solve, to resolve; to enact, to legislate, to prescribe, to regulate."
      ],
      "id": "en-กฎ-th-verb-D5EjeelT",
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command"
        ],
        [
          "decree",
          "decree"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "instruct",
          "instruct"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "ordain",
          "ordain"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "decide",
          "decide"
        ],
        [
          "judge",
          "judge"
        ],
        [
          "solve",
          "solve"
        ],
        [
          "resolve",
          "resolve"
        ],
        [
          "enact",
          "enact"
        ],
        [
          "legislate",
          "legislate"
        ],
        [
          "prescribe",
          "prescribe"
        ],
        [
          "regulate",
          "regulate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) to command, to decree, to direct, to instruct, to order, to ordain; to rule, to decide, to judge, to solve, to resolve; to enact, to legislate, to prescribe, to regulate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kot̚˨˩/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9217 (tha)-Patsagorn Y.-กฎ.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "กฎ"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎกระทรวง"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gòt-geen",
      "word": "กฎเกณฑ์"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gòt-kɔ̂ɔ-bang-káp",
      "word": "กฎข้อบังคับ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎทบวง"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎธรรมชาติ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎธรรมดา"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gòt-bàt",
      "word": "กฎบัตร"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎบัตรกฎหมาย"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎบัตรสหประชาชาติ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gòt-mon-tiian-baan",
      "word": "กฎมนเทียรบาล"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎศีลธรรม"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎเสนาบดี"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gòt-mǎai",
      "word": "กฎหมาย"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎหมู่"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "กฎแห่งกรรม"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "gòt-ai-yá-gaan-sʉ̀k",
      "word": "กฎอัยการศึก"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "កត៑",
        "tr": "kat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer កត៑ (kat)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กำหนด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "កត់"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer កត់ (kɑt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ກົດ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ກົດ (kot)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กด (gòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer កត៑ (kat), *កត៑ (*kat), កត (kata, “to engrave, to inscribe, to mark down, to note down, to record, to register; to note, to observe; to decide, to solve, to resolve; etc”); extended as កំម្នត៑ (kaṃmnat), កាំនត (kāṃnata), from which Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt) was derived. Cognate with Modern Khmer កត់ (kɑt); Lao ກົດ (kot). Possibly cognate with Thai กด (gòt).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "กฎ",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "engravement, inscription; account, note, record, register."
      ],
      "id": "en-กฎ-th-noun-S3ImL-y-",
      "links": [
        [
          "engravement",
          "engravement"
        ],
        [
          "inscription",
          "inscription"
        ],
        [
          "account",
          "account"
        ],
        [
          "note",
          "note"
        ],
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "register",
          "register"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) engravement, inscription; account, note, record, register."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 13 24 15 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant audio template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 21 13 24 16 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms without th-pron template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 18 35 31 2 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "th:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "กฎ ๓๖ ข้อ:\n๑๕ อนึ่ง กฎให้ไว้ว่า ให้พระเกษม ขุนหลวงพระไกศรี เอาพระอายะการใส่หีบลั่นกุนแจมอบไว้ ณ สานหลวง อย่าให้เอาไปบ้าน ถ้าจะปรับเนื้อความ ให้ปรับต่อหน้าลูกขุน ถ้าผิดแลชอบประการใด ให้ลูกขุนช่วยติเตียนให้ต้องด้วยข้อรวาง อนึ่ง อย่าให้ปรับเนื้อความค้างช้าไว้ ให้ปรับให้แล้วแต่ใน ๓ วัน กฎให้ไว้ ณ วัน ๓ ขึ้น ๑๕ ค่ำ เดือน ๖ จุลศักราช ๑๐๗๑ ปีฉลู เอกศก\nsìp-hâa · à-nʉ̀ng · gòt hâi wái wâa · hâi prá gà-sěem · kǔn lǔuang prá gai-sǐi · ao prá aai-yá-gaan sài hìip lân gun-jɛɛ mɔ̂ɔp wái · ná · sǎan sǎan-lǔuang · yàa hâi ao bpai bâan · tâa jà bpràp nʉ́ʉa-kwaam · hâi bpràp dtɔ̀ɔ-nâa lûuk-kǔn · tâa pìt lɛɛ chɔ̂ɔp bprà-gaan dai · hâi lûuk-kǔn chûai dtì-dtiian hâi dtɔ̂ng dûai kɔ̂ɔ-rá-waang · à-nʉ̀ng · yàa hâi bpràp nʉ́ʉa-kwaam káang cháa wái · hâi bpràp hâi lɛ́ɛo dtɛ̀ɛ nai · sǎam · wan · gòt hâi wái · ná · wan · sǎam · kʉ̂n · sìp-hâa · kâm · dʉʉan · hòk · jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan jèt-rɔ́ɔi èt · bpii chà-lǔu · èek-gà-sòk\n15. In addition, a prescript is given as follows: Marquess Kasem and High Count Phra Kaisi shall keep the legal codes within a chest fastened by a lock and shall deposit it with the royal court. Never shall they be allowed to bring the codes home. Should they need to compare a case [with the legal provisions, that is, to adjudicate the case], the comparison shall be done in the presence of the jury. If the comparison is right or wrong in whatever manner, the jury shall give aid and advice so that it be in line with the legal provisions. Moreover, the comparison of a case shall not be left pending. The comparison shall be completed within three days. This prescript is given on Tuesday, the 15th day of the waxing moon of the 6th month, the 1071st year of the Lesser Era, the Year of the Ox, Year One.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "4. Whereas Grand Earl Ratchayotha Thep has received with his head a royal mandate stating: There shall be a prescript for the Interior Department, the Defence Department, the Metropolitan Protection Department, the Palace Department, the Inner Police Department, the Outer Police Department, the Inner Military Department, the Pages' Department, the Wardresses's Department, the Inspectors General for Judicial Officers and Provincial Commissioners... And the Interior Department and the Defence Department shall record and communicate it to the judicial officers who are authorised to try offenders, telling them to comply with the royal command henceforth. If the records are not communicated thoroughly, the recording and communicating officers will be inflicted with penalties. If the records have been communicated thoroughly, and any person fails to observe the prescript, and anyone files a lawsuit about that, that person [who fails to observe the prescription] shall be punished in accordance with the prescript. This prescript is given on Friday, the 11th day of the waning moon of the 2nd month, the 1088th year of the Lesser Era, the Year of the Horse, Year Eight.",
          "ref": "พระราชกำหนดเก่า",
          "text": "๒...แลให้ผู้รักษาเมือง ผู้รั้ง กรมการ ทำตามกฎนี้จงทุกประการ กฎให้ไว้ ณ วัน ๔ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ เดือน ๓ จุลศักราช ๑๐๘๓ ปีฉลู ตรีนิศก\nsɔ̌ɔng ... lɛɛ hâi pûu-rák-sǎa mʉʉang · pûu-ráng · grom-má-gaan · tam dtaam gòt níi jong túk bprà-gaan · gòt hâi wái · ná · wan · sìi · kʉ̂n · jèt · kâm · dʉʉan · sǎam · jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan bpɛ̀ɛt-rɔ́ɔi sǎam · bpii chà-lǔu · dtrii-ní-sòk\n2...And the town governors, interim governors, and commissioners shall abide by this prescript in every respect. This prescript is given on Wednesday, the 7th day of the waxing moon of the 3rd month, the 1083rd year of the Lesser Era, the Year of the Ox, Year Three.\n๔ ด้วยออกหลวงราชโยธาเทพรับพระราชโองการใส่เกล้าฯสั่งว่า ให้มีกฎไว้แก่มหาดไท กระลาโหม นครบาล กรมวัง ตำรวจใน ตำรวจนอก ทหารใน มหาดเลก ชาวที่ ผู้นั่งกำกับกระลาการ แลกรมการ...แลให้มหาดไทย กระลาโหม กฎหมายบอกแก่กระลาการผู้ได้พิจรณาผู้ร้าย ให้ทำตามรับสั่งบัดนี้ ถ้ากฎหมายมิทั่ว จะเอาผู้กฎหมายบอกเปนโทษ ถ้ากฎหมายบอกทั่วแล้ว ผู้ใดมิได้กระทำตามกฎ แลมีผู้เอาเนื้อความมาว่า จะเอาผู้นั้นเปนโทษตามกฎ กฎให้ไว้ ณ วันศุกระ เดือนญี่ แรมสิบเบดค่ำ จุลศักราช ๑๐๘๘ ปีมะเมีย อัถศก\nsìi · dûai ɔ̀ɔk-lǔuang râat-chá yoo-taa têep ráp prá râat-chá oong-gaan sài-glâao-sài-grà-mɔ̀m sàng wâa · hâi mii gòt wái gɛ̀ɛ má-hàat-tai · grà-laa-hǒom · ná-kɔɔn-baan · grom-má-wang · dtam-rùuat-nai · dtam-rùuat-nɔ̂ɔk · tá-hǎan-nai · má-hàat-lék · chaao-tîi · pûu nâng gam-gàp grà-laa-gaan · lɛɛ grom-má-gaan ... lɛɛ hâi má-hàat-tai · grà-laa-hǒom · gòt-mǎai bɔ̀ɔk gɛ̀ɛ grà-laa-gaan pûu dâai pí-jaa-rá-naa pûu-ráai · hâi tam dtaam ráp-sàng bàt-níi · tâa gòt-mǎai mí tûua · jà ao pûu gòt-mǎai bɔ̀ɔk bpen tôot · tâa gòt-mǎai bɔ̀ɔk tûua lɛ́ɛo · pûu-dai mí dâai grà-tam dtaam gòt · lɛɛ mii pûu ao nʉ́ʉa-kwaam maa wâa · jà ao pûu nán bpen tôot dtaam gòt · gòt hâi wái · ná · wan sùk · dʉʉan yîi · rɛɛm sìp-bèt kâm · jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan bpɛ̀ɛt-rɔ́ɔi bpɛ̀ɛt · bpii má-miia · àt-tà-sòk",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "command, decree, edict, direction, instruction, order, ordinance, prescription, precept; decision, ruling, judgment, verdict, resolution, solution."
      ],
      "id": "en-กฎ-th-noun-s4iUeLDO",
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command"
        ],
        [
          "decree",
          "decree"
        ],
        [
          "edict",
          "edict"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "instruction",
          "instruction"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "ordinance",
          "ordinance"
        ],
        [
          "prescription",
          "prescription"
        ],
        [
          "precept",
          "precept"
        ],
        [
          "decision",
          "decision"
        ],
        [
          "ruling",
          "ruling"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment"
        ],
        [
          "verdict",
          "verdict"
        ],
        [
          "resolution",
          "resolution"
        ],
        [
          "solution",
          "solution"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) command, decree, edict, direction, instruction, order, ordinance, prescription, precept; decision, ruling, judgment, verdict, resolution, solution."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 13 24 15 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant audio template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 21 13 24 16 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms without th-pron template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 18 35 31 2 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "th:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1995, กฎ ก.พ. ฉบับที่ ๑๑ (พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๘) ออกตามความในพระราชบัญญัติระเบียบข้าราชการพลเรือน พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๕ ว่าด้วยการสั่งพักราชการและการสั่งให้ออกจากราชการไว้ก่อน:",
          "text": "อาศัยอำนาจตามความในมาตรา ๘...แห่งพระราชบัญญัติระเบียบข้าราชการพลเรือน พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๕ ก.พ.จึงออกกฎ ก.พ. ซึ่งได้รับอนุมัติจากคณะรัฐมนตรีไว้ดังต่อไปนี้",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, กฎ ก.ตร. ว่าด้วยการแต่งตั้งข้าราชการตำรวจ พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๙:",
          "text": "ข้อ ๓...บรรดากฎ ระเบียบ ข้อบังคับ คำสั่ง หลักเกณฑ์ แนวทางปฏิบัติ หรือการดำเนินการอื่นใด ในส่วนที่ได้กำหนดไว้แล้วในกฎ ก.ตร. นี้ หรือซึ่งขัดหรือแย้งกับกฎ ก.ตร. นี้ ให้ใช้กฎ ก.ตร. นี้แทน",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "law; statue; regulation; rule."
      ],
      "id": "en-กฎ-th-noun-cezqG4FV",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ],
        [
          "statue",
          "statue"
        ],
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 5 40 25 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 1 45 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 6 3 42 22 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 23 13 24 15 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant audio template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 13 7 36 20 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 21 13 24 16 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms without th-pron template",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 18 35 31 2 13",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "th:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1996, พระราชบัญญัติวิธีปฏิบัติราชการทางปกครอง พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๙:",
          "text": "มาตรา ๕ ในพระราชบัญญัตินี้ \"วิธีปฏิบัติราชการทางปกครอง\" หมายความว่า การเตรียมการและการดำเนินการของเจ้าหน้าที่เพื่อจัดให้มีคำสั่งทางปกครองหรือกฎ และรวมถึงการดำเนินการใด ๆ ในทางปกครองตามพระราชบัญญัตินี้",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, พระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งศาลปกครองและวิธีพิจารณาคดีปกครอง พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๒:",
          "text": "มาตรา ๗๒ ในการพิพากษาคดี ศาลปกครองมีอำนาจกำหนดคำบังคับอย่างหนึ่งอย่างใดดังต่อไปนี้...สั่งให้เพิกถอนกฎหรือคำสั่ง หรือสั่งห้ามการกระทำทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วน...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "secondary legislation."
      ],
      "id": "en-กฎ-th-noun-LXG-qCwP",
      "links": [
        [
          "secondary legislation",
          "secondary legislation"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "administrative law",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(administrative law) secondary legislation."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kot̚˨˩/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9217 (tha)-Patsagorn Y.-กฎ.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "กฎ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Thai/ot̚",
    "Thai 1-syllable words",
    "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
    "Thai lemmas",
    "Thai nouns",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms spelled with ฎ",
    "Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Thai terms with homophones",
    "Thai terms with redundant audio template",
    "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
    "Thai terms without th-pron template",
    "Thai two-letter words",
    "Thai verbs",
    "th:Law"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "កត៑",
        "tr": "kat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer កត៑ (kat)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กำหนด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "កត់"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer កត់ (kɑt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ກົດ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ກົດ (kot)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กด (gòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer កត៑ (kat), *កត៑ (*kat), កត (kata, “to engrave, to inscribe, to mark down, to note down, to record, to register; to note, to observe; to decide, to solve, to resolve; etc”); extended as កំម្នត៑ (kaṃmnat), កាំនត (kāṃnata), from which Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt) was derived. Cognate with Modern Khmer កត់ (kɑt); Lao ກົດ (kot). Possibly cognate with Thai กด (gòt).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "กฎ",
      "name": "th-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to engrave, to inscribe; to mark down, to note down; to record, to register."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "engrave",
          "engrave"
        ],
        [
          "inscribe",
          "inscribe"
        ],
        [
          "mark down",
          "mark down"
        ],
        [
          "note down",
          "note down"
        ],
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "register",
          "register"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) to engrave, to inscribe; to mark down, to note down; to record, to register."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to command, to decree, to direct, to instruct, to order, to ordain; to rule, to decide, to judge, to solve, to resolve; to enact, to legislate, to prescribe, to regulate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command"
        ],
        [
          "decree",
          "decree"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "instruct",
          "instruct"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "ordain",
          "ordain"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "decide",
          "decide"
        ],
        [
          "judge",
          "judge"
        ],
        [
          "solve",
          "solve"
        ],
        [
          "resolve",
          "resolve"
        ],
        [
          "enact",
          "enact"
        ],
        [
          "legislate",
          "legislate"
        ],
        [
          "prescribe",
          "prescribe"
        ],
        [
          "regulate",
          "regulate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) to command, to decree, to direct, to instruct, to order, to ordain; to rule, to decide, to judge, to solve, to resolve; to enact, to legislate, to prescribe, to regulate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kot̚˨˩/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9217 (tha)-Patsagorn Y.-กฎ.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "กฎ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Thai/ot̚",
    "Thai 1-syllable words",
    "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
    "Thai lemmas",
    "Thai nouns",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms spelled with ฎ",
    "Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Thai terms with homophones",
    "Thai terms with redundant audio template",
    "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
    "Thai terms without th-pron template",
    "Thai two-letter words",
    "Thai verbs",
    "th:Law"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "กฎกระทรวง"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gòt-geen",
      "word": "กฎเกณฑ์"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gòt-kɔ̂ɔ-bang-káp",
      "word": "กฎข้อบังคับ"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎทบวง"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎธรรมชาติ"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎธรรมดา"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gòt-bàt",
      "word": "กฎบัตร"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎบัตรกฎหมาย"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎบัตรสหประชาชาติ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gòt-mon-tiian-baan",
      "word": "กฎมนเทียรบาล"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎศีลธรรม"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎเสนาบดี"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gòt-mǎai",
      "word": "กฎหมาย"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎหมู่"
    },
    {
      "word": "กฎแห่งกรรม"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gòt-ai-yá-gaan-sʉ̀k",
      "word": "กฎอัยการศึก"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "កត៑",
        "tr": "kat"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer កត៑ (kat)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กำหนด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "កត់"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer កត់ (kɑt)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ກົດ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ກົດ (kot)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "กด"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai กด (gòt)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer កត៑ (kat), *កត៑ (*kat), កត (kata, “to engrave, to inscribe, to mark down, to note down, to record, to register; to note, to observe; to decide, to solve, to resolve; etc”); extended as កំម្នត៑ (kaṃmnat), កាំនត (kāṃnata), from which Thai กำหนด (gam-nòt) was derived. Cognate with Modern Khmer កត់ (kɑt); Lao ກົດ (kot). Possibly cognate with Thai กด (gòt).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "กฎ",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "engravement, inscription; account, note, record, register."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "engravement",
          "engravement"
        ],
        [
          "inscription",
          "inscription"
        ],
        [
          "account",
          "account"
        ],
        [
          "note",
          "note"
        ],
        [
          "record",
          "record"
        ],
        [
          "register",
          "register"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) engravement, inscription; account, note, record, register."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai terms with archaic senses",
        "Thai terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "กฎ ๓๖ ข้อ:\n๑๕ อนึ่ง กฎให้ไว้ว่า ให้พระเกษม ขุนหลวงพระไกศรี เอาพระอายะการใส่หีบลั่นกุนแจมอบไว้ ณ สานหลวง อย่าให้เอาไปบ้าน ถ้าจะปรับเนื้อความ ให้ปรับต่อหน้าลูกขุน ถ้าผิดแลชอบประการใด ให้ลูกขุนช่วยติเตียนให้ต้องด้วยข้อรวาง อนึ่ง อย่าให้ปรับเนื้อความค้างช้าไว้ ให้ปรับให้แล้วแต่ใน ๓ วัน กฎให้ไว้ ณ วัน ๓ ขึ้น ๑๕ ค่ำ เดือน ๖ จุลศักราช ๑๐๗๑ ปีฉลู เอกศก\nsìp-hâa · à-nʉ̀ng · gòt hâi wái wâa · hâi prá gà-sěem · kǔn lǔuang prá gai-sǐi · ao prá aai-yá-gaan sài hìip lân gun-jɛɛ mɔ̂ɔp wái · ná · sǎan sǎan-lǔuang · yàa hâi ao bpai bâan · tâa jà bpràp nʉ́ʉa-kwaam · hâi bpràp dtɔ̀ɔ-nâa lûuk-kǔn · tâa pìt lɛɛ chɔ̂ɔp bprà-gaan dai · hâi lûuk-kǔn chûai dtì-dtiian hâi dtɔ̂ng dûai kɔ̂ɔ-rá-waang · à-nʉ̀ng · yàa hâi bpràp nʉ́ʉa-kwaam káang cháa wái · hâi bpràp hâi lɛ́ɛo dtɛ̀ɛ nai · sǎam · wan · gòt hâi wái · ná · wan · sǎam · kʉ̂n · sìp-hâa · kâm · dʉʉan · hòk · jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan jèt-rɔ́ɔi èt · bpii chà-lǔu · èek-gà-sòk\n15. In addition, a prescript is given as follows: Marquess Kasem and High Count Phra Kaisi shall keep the legal codes within a chest fastened by a lock and shall deposit it with the royal court. Never shall they be allowed to bring the codes home. Should they need to compare a case [with the legal provisions, that is, to adjudicate the case], the comparison shall be done in the presence of the jury. If the comparison is right or wrong in whatever manner, the jury shall give aid and advice so that it be in line with the legal provisions. Moreover, the comparison of a case shall not be left pending. The comparison shall be completed within three days. This prescript is given on Tuesday, the 15th day of the waxing moon of the 6th month, the 1071st year of the Lesser Era, the Year of the Ox, Year One.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "4. Whereas Grand Earl Ratchayotha Thep has received with his head a royal mandate stating: There shall be a prescript for the Interior Department, the Defence Department, the Metropolitan Protection Department, the Palace Department, the Inner Police Department, the Outer Police Department, the Inner Military Department, the Pages' Department, the Wardresses's Department, the Inspectors General for Judicial Officers and Provincial Commissioners... And the Interior Department and the Defence Department shall record and communicate it to the judicial officers who are authorised to try offenders, telling them to comply with the royal command henceforth. If the records are not communicated thoroughly, the recording and communicating officers will be inflicted with penalties. If the records have been communicated thoroughly, and any person fails to observe the prescript, and anyone files a lawsuit about that, that person [who fails to observe the prescription] shall be punished in accordance with the prescript. This prescript is given on Friday, the 11th day of the waning moon of the 2nd month, the 1088th year of the Lesser Era, the Year of the Horse, Year Eight.",
          "ref": "พระราชกำหนดเก่า",
          "text": "๒...แลให้ผู้รักษาเมือง ผู้รั้ง กรมการ ทำตามกฎนี้จงทุกประการ กฎให้ไว้ ณ วัน ๔ ขึ้น ๗ ค่ำ เดือน ๓ จุลศักราช ๑๐๘๓ ปีฉลู ตรีนิศก\nsɔ̌ɔng ... lɛɛ hâi pûu-rák-sǎa mʉʉang · pûu-ráng · grom-má-gaan · tam dtaam gòt níi jong túk bprà-gaan · gòt hâi wái · ná · wan · sìi · kʉ̂n · jèt · kâm · dʉʉan · sǎam · jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan bpɛ̀ɛt-rɔ́ɔi sǎam · bpii chà-lǔu · dtrii-ní-sòk\n2...And the town governors, interim governors, and commissioners shall abide by this prescript in every respect. This prescript is given on Wednesday, the 7th day of the waxing moon of the 3rd month, the 1083rd year of the Lesser Era, the Year of the Ox, Year Three.\n๔ ด้วยออกหลวงราชโยธาเทพรับพระราชโองการใส่เกล้าฯสั่งว่า ให้มีกฎไว้แก่มหาดไท กระลาโหม นครบาล กรมวัง ตำรวจใน ตำรวจนอก ทหารใน มหาดเลก ชาวที่ ผู้นั่งกำกับกระลาการ แลกรมการ...แลให้มหาดไทย กระลาโหม กฎหมายบอกแก่กระลาการผู้ได้พิจรณาผู้ร้าย ให้ทำตามรับสั่งบัดนี้ ถ้ากฎหมายมิทั่ว จะเอาผู้กฎหมายบอกเปนโทษ ถ้ากฎหมายบอกทั่วแล้ว ผู้ใดมิได้กระทำตามกฎ แลมีผู้เอาเนื้อความมาว่า จะเอาผู้นั้นเปนโทษตามกฎ กฎให้ไว้ ณ วันศุกระ เดือนญี่ แรมสิบเบดค่ำ จุลศักราช ๑๐๘๘ ปีมะเมีย อัถศก\nsìi · dûai ɔ̀ɔk-lǔuang râat-chá yoo-taa têep ráp prá râat-chá oong-gaan sài-glâao-sài-grà-mɔ̀m sàng wâa · hâi mii gòt wái gɛ̀ɛ má-hàat-tai · grà-laa-hǒom · ná-kɔɔn-baan · grom-má-wang · dtam-rùuat-nai · dtam-rùuat-nɔ̂ɔk · tá-hǎan-nai · má-hàat-lék · chaao-tîi · pûu nâng gam-gàp grà-laa-gaan · lɛɛ grom-má-gaan ... lɛɛ hâi má-hàat-tai · grà-laa-hǒom · gòt-mǎai bɔ̀ɔk gɛ̀ɛ grà-laa-gaan pûu dâai pí-jaa-rá-naa pûu-ráai · hâi tam dtaam ráp-sàng bàt-níi · tâa gòt-mǎai mí tûua · jà ao pûu gòt-mǎai bɔ̀ɔk bpen tôot · tâa gòt-mǎai bɔ̀ɔk tûua lɛ́ɛo · pûu-dai mí dâai grà-tam dtaam gòt · lɛɛ mii pûu ao nʉ́ʉa-kwaam maa wâa · jà ao pûu nán bpen tôot dtaam gòt · gòt hâi wái · ná · wan sùk · dʉʉan yîi · rɛɛm sìp-bèt kâm · jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan bpɛ̀ɛt-rɔ́ɔi bpɛ̀ɛt · bpii má-miia · àt-tà-sòk",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "command, decree, edict, direction, instruction, order, ordinance, prescription, precept; decision, ruling, judgment, verdict, resolution, solution."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "command",
          "command"
        ],
        [
          "decree",
          "decree"
        ],
        [
          "edict",
          "edict"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "instruction",
          "instruction"
        ],
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "ordinance",
          "ordinance"
        ],
        [
          "prescription",
          "prescription"
        ],
        [
          "precept",
          "precept"
        ],
        [
          "decision",
          "decision"
        ],
        [
          "ruling",
          "ruling"
        ],
        [
          "judgment",
          "judgment"
        ],
        [
          "verdict",
          "verdict"
        ],
        [
          "resolution",
          "resolution"
        ],
        [
          "solution",
          "solution"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) command, decree, edict, direction, instruction, order, ordinance, prescription, precept; decision, ruling, judgment, verdict, resolution, solution."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Requests for translations of Thai quotations",
        "Requests for transliteration of Thai quotations",
        "Thai terms with quotations",
        "Thai terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1995, กฎ ก.พ. ฉบับที่ ๑๑ (พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๘) ออกตามความในพระราชบัญญัติระเบียบข้าราชการพลเรือน พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๕ ว่าด้วยการสั่งพักราชการและการสั่งให้ออกจากราชการไว้ก่อน:",
          "text": "อาศัยอำนาจตามความในมาตรา ๘...แห่งพระราชบัญญัติระเบียบข้าราชการพลเรือน พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๕ ก.พ.จึงออกกฎ ก.พ. ซึ่งได้รับอนุมัติจากคณะรัฐมนตรีไว้ดังต่อไปนี้",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2016, กฎ ก.ตร. ว่าด้วยการแต่งตั้งข้าราชการตำรวจ พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๙:",
          "text": "ข้อ ๓...บรรดากฎ ระเบียบ ข้อบังคับ คำสั่ง หลักเกณฑ์ แนวทางปฏิบัติ หรือการดำเนินการอื่นใด ในส่วนที่ได้กำหนดไว้แล้วในกฎ ก.ตร. นี้ หรือซึ่งขัดหรือแย้งกับกฎ ก.ตร. นี้ ให้ใช้กฎ ก.ตร. นี้แทน",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "law; statue; regulation; rule."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ],
        [
          "statue",
          "statue"
        ],
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Requests for translations of Thai quotations",
        "Requests for transliteration of Thai quotations",
        "Thai terms with quotations",
        "Thai terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1996, พระราชบัญญัติวิธีปฏิบัติราชการทางปกครอง พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๙:",
          "text": "มาตรา ๕ ในพระราชบัญญัตินี้ \"วิธีปฏิบัติราชการทางปกครอง\" หมายความว่า การเตรียมการและการดำเนินการของเจ้าหน้าที่เพื่อจัดให้มีคำสั่งทางปกครองหรือกฎ และรวมถึงการดำเนินการใด ๆ ในทางปกครองตามพระราชบัญญัตินี้",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, พระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งศาลปกครองและวิธีพิจารณาคดีปกครอง พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๒:",
          "text": "มาตรา ๗๒ ในการพิพากษาคดี ศาลปกครองมีอำนาจกำหนดคำบังคับอย่างหนึ่งอย่างใดดังต่อไปนี้...สั่งให้เพิกถอนกฎหรือคำสั่ง หรือสั่งห้ามการกระทำทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วน...",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "secondary legislation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "secondary legislation",
          "secondary legislation"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "administrative law",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(administrative law) secondary legislation."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kot̚˨˩/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9217 (tha)-Patsagorn Y.-กฎ.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav/LL-Q9217_%28tha%29-Patsagorn_Y.-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E.wav.mp3",
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    }
  ],
  "word": "กฎ"
}

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  "section": "Thai",
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  "section": "Thai",
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}