"கொட்டை" meaning in Tamil

See கொட்டை in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /koʈːai/ Audio: Ta-கொட்டை.ogg
Etymology: Cognate with Tulu ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe), Malayalam കൊട്ട (koṭṭa), Kannada ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe) and Telugu కొట్టె (koṭṭe). Etymology templates: {{cog|tcy|ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ}} Tulu ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe), {{cog|ml|കൊട്ട}} Malayalam കൊട്ട (koṭṭa), {{cog|kn|ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ}} Kannada ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe), {{cog|te|కొట్టె}} Telugu కొట్టె (koṭṭe) Head templates: {{ta-noun}} கொட்டை • (koṭṭai) Inflection templates: {{ta-decl}} Forms: koṭṭai [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], கொட்டை [nominative, singular], கொட்டைகள் [nominative, plural], கொட்டையே [singular, vocative], கொட்டைகளே [plural, vocative], கொட்டையை [accusative, singular], கொட்டைகளை [accusative, plural], கொட்டைக்கு [dative, singular], கொட்டைகளுக்கு [dative, plural], கொட்டைக்காக [benefactive, singular], கொட்டைகளுக்காக [benefactive, plural], கொட்டையுடைய [error-unrecognized-form, singular], கொட்டைகளுடைய [error-unrecognized-form, plural], கொட்டையின் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], கொட்டைகளின் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], கொட்டையில் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], கொட்டைகளில் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], கொட்டையிடம் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], கொட்டைகளிடம் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], கொட்டையோடு [error-unrecognized-form, singular], கொட்டைகளோடு [error-unrecognized-form, plural], கொட்டையுடன் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], கொட்டைகளுடன் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], கொட்டையால் [instrumental, singular], கொட்டைகளால் [instrumental, plural], கொட்டையிலிருந்து [ablative, singular], கொட்டைகளிலிருந்து [ablative, plural], கொட்ட [alternative, colloquial]
  1. (botany) seed, pit, nut, stone, kernel Synonyms: விதை
    Sense id: en-கொட்டை-ta-noun-Q9TtmN7E Categories (other): Botany Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences
  2. large rounded form, as in writing
    Sense id: en-கொட்டை-ta-noun-6TgiVC51 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Tamil entries with incorrect language header, Tamil terms with redundant script codes, Writing Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 80 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 81 5 Disambiguation of Tamil entries with incorrect language header: 19 73 8 Disambiguation of Tamil terms with redundant script codes: 23 63 14 Disambiguation of Writing: 4 91 5
  3. (vulgar) testicles, balls Tags: vulgar Synonyms: விறை
    Sense id: en-கொட்டை-ta-noun-yGUJAkPn Categories (other): Genitalia Disambiguation of Genitalia: 14 14 72
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "si",
            "2": "කොට්ටය",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sinhalese: කොට්ටය (koṭṭaya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sinhalese: කොට්ටය (koṭṭaya)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tcy",
        "2": "ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ"
      },
      "expansion": "Tulu ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "കൊട്ട"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam കൊട്ട (koṭṭa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "te",
        "2": "కొట్టె"
      },
      "expansion": "Telugu కొట్టె (koṭṭe)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Tulu ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe), Malayalam കൊട്ട (koṭṭa), Kannada ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe) and Telugu కొట్టె (koṭṭe).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koṭṭai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டை",
      "roman": "koṭṭai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகள்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையே",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளே",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையை",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளை",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைக்கு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுக்கு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைக்காக",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுக்காக",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையுடைய",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுடைய",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையின்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளின்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையில்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளில்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையிடம்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளிடம்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையோடு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளோடு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையுடன்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுடன்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையால்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளால்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்ட",
      "roman": "koṭṭa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "கொட்டை • (koṭṭai)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "ta:Botany",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "seed, pit, nut, stone, kernel"
      ],
      "id": "en-கொட்டை-ta-noun-Q9TtmN7E",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "seed",
          "seed"
        ],
        [
          "pit",
          "pit"
        ],
        [
          "nut",
          "nut"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "kernel",
          "kernel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) seed, pit, nut, stone, kernel"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "விதை"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 80 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 81 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 73 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 63 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 91 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Writing",
          "orig": "ta:Writing",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "large rounded form, as in writing"
      ],
      "id": "en-கொட்டை-ta-noun-6TgiVC51",
      "links": [
        [
          "rounded",
          "rounded"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Genitalia",
          "orig": "ta:Genitalia",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "testicles, balls"
      ],
      "id": "en-கொட்டை-ta-noun-yGUJAkPn",
      "links": [
        [
          "testicle",
          "testicle"
        ],
        [
          "ball",
          "ball"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(vulgar) testicles, balls"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "விறை"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/koʈːai/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ta-கொட்டை.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "கொட்டை"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Tamil ai-stem nouns",
    "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tamil lemmas",
    "Tamil nouns",
    "Tamil terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
    "ta:Genitalia",
    "ta:Writing"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "si",
            "2": "කොට්ටය",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Sinhalese: කොට්ටය (koṭṭaya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Sinhalese: කොට්ටය (koṭṭaya)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tcy",
        "2": "ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ"
      },
      "expansion": "Tulu ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "കൊട്ട"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam കൊട്ട (koṭṭa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "te",
        "2": "కొట్టె"
      },
      "expansion": "Telugu కొట్టె (koṭṭe)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Tulu ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe), Malayalam കൊട്ട (koṭṭa), Kannada ಕೊಟ್ಟೆ (koṭṭe) and Telugu కొట్టె (koṭṭe).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "koṭṭai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டை",
      "roman": "koṭṭai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகள்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையே",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளே",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையை",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளை",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைக்கு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுக்கு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைக்காக",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுக்காக",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையுடைய",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுடைய",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையின்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளின்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையில்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளில்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையிடம்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளிடம்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையோடு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளோடு",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையுடன்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளுடன்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையால்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளால்",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டையிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "koṭṭaiyiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்டைகளிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "koṭṭaikaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "கொட்ட",
      "roman": "koṭṭa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "கொட்டை • (koṭṭai)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "ta:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "seed, pit, nut, stone, kernel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "seed",
          "seed"
        ],
        [
          "pit",
          "pit"
        ],
        [
          "nut",
          "nut"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "kernel",
          "kernel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) seed, pit, nut, stone, kernel"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "விதை"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "large rounded form, as in writing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rounded",
          "rounded"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Tamil vulgarities"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "testicles, balls"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "testicle",
          "testicle"
        ],
        [
          "ball",
          "ball"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(vulgar) testicles, balls"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "விறை"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/koʈːai/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ta-கொட்டை.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ta-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "கொட்டை"
}

Download raw JSONL data for கொட்டை meaning in Tamil (6.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Tamil dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.