"magtubig" meaning in Tagalog

See magtubig in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /maɡˈtubiɡ/ [Standard-Tagalog], [mɐɡˈt̪uː.bɪɡ̚] [Standard-Tagalog], /maɡtuˈbiɡ/ [Standard-Tagalog], [mɐɡ.t̪ʊˈbiɡ̚] [Standard-Tagalog]
Rhymes: -ubiɡ, (nonstandard) -iɡ Etymology: From mag- + tubig. Etymology templates: {{pre|tl|mag-|tubig}} mag- + tubig Head templates: {{tl-verb|+|nagtubig|nagtutubig|magtutubig|b=+|head2=magtubíg|type=actor II}} magtubig or magtubíg (complete nagtubig, progressive nagtutubig, contemplative magtutubig, 2nd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔) Inflection templates: {{tl-infl-mag|t|u|big}}, {{tl-infl-table|mag- ᜋᜄ᜔|actor|magtubig ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|nagtubig ᜈᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|nagtutubig ᜈᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ nagatubig¹ ᜈᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|magtutubig ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ magatubig¹ ᜋᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ gatubig¹ ᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|katutubig ᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ kapagtutubig ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|kakatubig ᜃᜃᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ kakapagtubig ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ kapapagtubig ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|magtubig¹ ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|tubig ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔|¹ Dialectal use only.|title=magtubig}} Forms: magtubig [canonical], magtubíg [canonical], nagtubig [completive], nagtutubig [progressive], magtutubig [contemplative], ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [Baybayin], no-table-tags [table-tags], mag- [affix], ᜋᜄ᜔ [affix], tubig [root], ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [root], actor [focus], katutubig [completive, formal, past, past-recent], ᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [completive, formal, past, past-recent], kapagtutubig [completive, formal, past, past-recent], ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [completive, formal, past, past-recent], magtubig [dialectal, formal, imperative], ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [formal, imperative], kakatubig [completive, informal, past, past-recent], ᜃᜃᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [completive, informal, past, past-recent], kakapagtubig [completive, informal, past, past-recent], ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [completive, informal, past, past-recent], kapapagtubig [completive, informal, past, past-recent], ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [completive, informal, past, past-recent], magtubig [dialectal, imperative, informal], ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ [imperative, informal]
  1. to use or drink water Tags: actor-ii
    Sense id: en-magtubig-tl-verb-CSd~PRLs
  2. to fill with water Tags: actor-ii
    Sense id: en-magtubig-tl-verb-j2XQCx2F
  3. to become watery Tags: actor-ii
    Sense id: en-magtubig-tl-verb-PT3Da6XY Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Tagalog entries with incorrect language header, Tagalog terms prefixed with mag-, Tagalog terms with Baybayin script, Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation, Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation, Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 30 30 40 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 19 19 62 Disambiguation of Tagalog entries with incorrect language header: 16 16 67 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms prefixed with mag-: 21 21 58 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with Baybayin script: 13 13 75 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation: 30 30 39 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation: 30 30 39 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries: 10 10 80
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "mag-",
        "3": "tubig"
      },
      "expansion": "mag- + tubig",
      "name": "pre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From mag- + tubig.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "magtubig",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtubíg",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nagtubig",
      "tags": [
        "completive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nagtutubig",
      "tags": [
        "progressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtutubig",
      "tags": [
        "contemplative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tl-infl-mag",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mag-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "affix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "affix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "root"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "root"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "actor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "focus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "katutubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kapagtutubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakatubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜃᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakapagtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kapapagtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+",
        "2": "nagtubig",
        "3": "nagtutubig",
        "4": "magtutubig",
        "b": "+",
        "head2": "magtubíg",
        "type": "actor II"
      },
      "expansion": "magtubig or magtubíg (complete nagtubig, progressive nagtutubig, contemplative magtutubig, 2nd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔)",
      "name": "tl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "mag‧tu‧big"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "t",
        "2": "u",
        "3": "big"
      },
      "name": "tl-infl-mag"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mag-\nᜋᜄ᜔",
        "10": "tubig\n ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "11": "¹ Dialectal use only.",
        "2": "actor",
        "3": "magtubig\nᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "4": "nagtubig\nᜈᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "5": "nagtutubig\nᜈᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nnagatubig¹\nᜈᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "6": "magtutubig\nᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nmagatubig¹\nᜋᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\ngatubig¹\nᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "7": "katutubig\nᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nkapagtutubig\nᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "8": "kakatubig\nᜃᜃᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nkakapagtubig\nᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nkapapagtubig\nᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "9": "magtubig¹\n ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "title": "magtubig"
      },
      "name": "tl-infl-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to use or drink water"
      ],
      "id": "en-magtubig-tl-verb-CSd~PRLs",
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "drink",
          "drink"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "actor-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fill with water"
      ],
      "id": "en-magtubig-tl-verb-j2XQCx2F",
      "links": [
        [
          "fill",
          "fill"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "actor-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 19 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms prefixed with mag-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become watery"
      ],
      "id": "en-magtubig-tl-verb-PT3Da6XY",
      "links": [
        [
          "watery",
          "watery"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "actor-ii"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/maɡˈtubiɡ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mɐɡˈt̪uː.bɪɡ̚]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/maɡtuˈbiɡ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mɐɡ.t̪ʊˈbiɡ̚]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ubiɡ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(nonstandard) -iɡ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "magtubig"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Tagalog/iɡ",
    "Rhymes:Tagalog/iɡ/3 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Tagalog/ubiɡ",
    "Rhymes:Tagalog/ubiɡ/3 syllables",
    "Tagalog 2nd actor trigger verbs",
    "Tagalog 3-syllable words",
    "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tagalog lemmas",
    "Tagalog terms prefixed with mag-",
    "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
    "Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
    "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
    "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
    "Tagalog verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "mag-",
        "3": "tubig"
      },
      "expansion": "mag- + tubig",
      "name": "pre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From mag- + tubig.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "magtubig",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtubíg",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nagtubig",
      "tags": [
        "completive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nagtutubig",
      "tags": [
        "progressive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtutubig",
      "tags": [
        "contemplative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tl-infl-mag",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mag-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "affix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "affix"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "root"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "root"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "actor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "focus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "katutubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kapagtutubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "formal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakatubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜃᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kakapagtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kapapagtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "completive",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "past-recent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "magtubig",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+",
        "2": "nagtubig",
        "3": "nagtutubig",
        "4": "magtutubig",
        "b": "+",
        "head2": "magtubíg",
        "type": "actor II"
      },
      "expansion": "magtubig or magtubíg (complete nagtubig, progressive nagtutubig, contemplative magtutubig, 2nd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔)",
      "name": "tl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "mag‧tu‧big"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "t",
        "2": "u",
        "3": "big"
      },
      "name": "tl-infl-mag"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mag-\nᜋᜄ᜔",
        "10": "tubig\n ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "11": "¹ Dialectal use only.",
        "2": "actor",
        "3": "magtubig\nᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "4": "nagtubig\nᜈᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "5": "nagtutubig\nᜈᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nnagatubig¹\nᜈᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "6": "magtutubig\nᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nmagatubig¹\nᜋᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\ngatubig¹\nᜄᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "7": "katutubig\nᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nkapagtutubig\nᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "8": "kakatubig\nᜃᜃᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nkakapagtubig\nᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔\nkapapagtubig\nᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "9": "magtubig¹\n ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔",
        "title": "magtubig"
      },
      "name": "tl-infl-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to use or drink water"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "drink",
          "drink"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "actor-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fill with water"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fill",
          "fill"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "actor-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to become watery"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watery",
          "watery"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "actor-ii"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/maɡˈtubiɡ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mɐɡˈt̪uː.bɪɡ̚]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/maɡtuˈbiɡ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mɐɡ.t̪ʊˈbiɡ̚]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ubiɡ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(nonstandard) -iɡ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "magtubig"
}

Download raw JSONL data for magtubig meaning in Tagalog (5.0kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Tagalog dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.