See piña in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "apiñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "piña colada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "piñal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "piñata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "piñazo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "piñón"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "piña"
},
{
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
},
{
"lang": "Central Bikol",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
},
{
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:pīnea<id:pinecone>",
"id": "pine",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nSpanish piña\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pīnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ejos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-eos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-eus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ea\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnea\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"piña\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-id=\"pine\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"piña\" id=\"Spanish:_pine\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīnea",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pīnea",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīnea"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin pīnea",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pineapple"
},
"expansion": "English pineapple",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nSpanish piña\nInherited from Latin pīnea. The sense \"pineapple\" comes from its resemblance to a pinecone, similarly to English pineapple. The sense \"core of the agave plant\" comes from its resemblance to a pineapple after the leaves are chopped off for harvesting.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piñas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "piña f (plural piñas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧ña"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧ña"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pino"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "es:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 12 10 5 1 3 21 1 11 1 6 1 5 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 12 10 6 1 3 20 1 10 1 7 1 6 1 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 12 10 5 1 3 21 1 11 1 6 1 5 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 3 27 3 11 3 9 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 3 25 2 12 2 12 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 3 25 2 12 2 12 2 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 3 28 2 11 2 10 2 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 3 23 1 6 1 17 1 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 11 16 9 12 3 10 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "es:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pinecone"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-4v3gSD~I",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"pinecone",
"pinecone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) pinecone"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "estróbilo"
},
{
"word": "cono"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pineapple"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-sP72IXJ~",
"links": [
[
"pineapple",
"pineapple"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ananá"
},
{
"word": "ananás"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
117,
121
]
],
"ref": "2020 April 10, Los Desayunos de TVE (television production), Pablo Iglesias Turrión (actor):",
"text": "[…] debatimos de muchas cosas, pero una vez que las cosas se debaten, y una vez que llegamos a un acuerdo, somos una piña",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close-knit group"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-Xg5I00q4",
"links": [
[
"close-knit",
"close-knit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) close-knit group"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the core of the agave plant"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-2DI7Dese",
"links": [
[
"agave",
"agave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canarian Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"corncob"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-XmtOYoHZ",
"links": [
[
"corncob",
"corncob"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands) corncob"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mazorca"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canary-Islands",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Salvadoran Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gay male"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-Ae2p154c",
"raw_glosses": [
"(El Salvador, colloquial) gay male"
],
"tags": [
"El-Salvador",
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Peruvian Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad luck"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-2~jmaYUy",
"links": [
[
"bad luck",
"bad luck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Peru, colloquial) bad luck"
],
"tags": [
"Peru",
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɲa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpi.ɲa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iɲa"
}
],
"word": "piña"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "escagar a piñas"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":bf",
"3": "piñata",
"id": "punch",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nItalian pigna\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tosder.?\nLate Latin -ittus\nItalian -etto\nItalian -atto\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -a\nItalian -atta\nItalian pignattabor.\nSpanish piñatabf.\nSpanish piña\n[Appendix:Glossary#back-formation|Back-formation]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"terracotta pot\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pinecone\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pinecone\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pine tree\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pine tree\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*poi-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pīnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ejos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-eos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-eus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ea\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnea\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"pigna\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ittus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-etto\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-atto\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-atta\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"pignatta\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"piñata\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"piña\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-id=\"punch\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"piña\" id=\"Spanish:_punch\">\nBack-formation from piñata.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nItalian pigna\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tosder.?\nLate Latin -ittus\nItalian -etto\nItalian -atto\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -a\nItalian -atta\nItalian pignattabor.\nSpanish piñatabf.\nSpanish piña\nBack-formation from piñata.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piñas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "piña f (plural piñas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧ña"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧ña"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bolivian Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canarian Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cuban Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Honduran Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Paraguayan Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rioplatense Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Venezuelan Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a punch"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-6qJ4zzuT",
"links": [
[
"punch",
"punch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands, Rioplatense, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay, Honduras, Cuba) a punch"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puñetazo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Bolivia",
"Canary-Islands",
"Cuba",
"Honduras",
"Paraguay",
"Rioplatense",
"Venezuela",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Argentine Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bolivian Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canarian Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cuban Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dominican Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Honduran Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Paraguayan Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rioplatense Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Venezuelan Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a punch",
"fight"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-Xy1N2-gA",
"links": [
[
"punch",
"punch"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands, Rioplatense, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay, Honduras, Cuba) a punch",
"(Dominican Republic, Argentina) fight"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puñetazo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Bolivia",
"Canary-Islands",
"Cuba",
"Dominican-Republic",
"Honduras",
"Paraguay",
"Rioplatense",
"Venezuela",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Argentine Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collision, accident, crash"
],
"id": "en-piña-es-noun-xQIcllSh",
"links": [
[
"collision",
"collision"
],
[
"accident",
"accident"
],
[
"crash",
"crash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Argentina, colloquial) collision, accident, crash"
],
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɲa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpi.ɲa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iɲa"
}
],
"word": "piña"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/iɲa",
"Rhymes:Spanish/iɲa/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish back-formations",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Italian",
"Spanish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"es:Fruits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "apiñar"
},
{
"word": "piña colada"
},
{
"word": "piñal"
},
{
"word": "piñata"
},
{
"word": "piñazo"
},
{
"word": "piñón"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "piña"
},
{
"lang": "Cebuano",
"lang_code": "ceb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
},
{
"lang": "Central Bikol",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
},
{
"lang": "Hiligaynon",
"lang_code": "hil",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
},
{
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "pinya"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:pīnea<id:pinecone>",
"id": "pine",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nSpanish piña\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pīnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ejos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-eos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-eus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ea\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnea\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"piña\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-id=\"pine\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"piña\" id=\"Spanish:_pine\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīnea",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pīnea",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīnea"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin pīnea",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pineapple"
},
"expansion": "English pineapple",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nSpanish piña\nInherited from Latin pīnea. The sense \"pineapple\" comes from its resemblance to a pinecone, similarly to English pineapple. The sense \"core of the agave plant\" comes from its resemblance to a pineapple after the leaves are chopped off for harvesting.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piñas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "piña f (plural piñas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧ña"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧ña"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pino"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"es:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"pinecone"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"pinecone",
"pinecone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) pinecone"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "estróbilo"
},
{
"word": "cono"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pineapple"
],
"links": [
[
"pineapple",
"pineapple"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ananá"
},
{
"word": "ananás"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Spanish quotations",
"Spanish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
117,
121
]
],
"ref": "2020 April 10, Los Desayunos de TVE (television production), Pablo Iglesias Turrión (actor):",
"text": "[…] debatimos de muchas cosas, pero una vez que las cosas se debaten, y una vez que llegamos a un acuerdo, somos una piña",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close-knit group"
],
"links": [
[
"close-knit",
"close-knit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) close-knit group"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the core of the agave plant"
],
"links": [
[
"agave",
"agave"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canarian Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"corncob"
],
"links": [
[
"corncob",
"corncob"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands) corncob"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mazorca"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canary-Islands",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Salvadoran Spanish",
"Spanish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"gay male"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(El Salvador, colloquial) gay male"
],
"tags": [
"El-Salvador",
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Peruvian Spanish",
"Spanish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"bad luck"
],
"links": [
[
"bad luck",
"bad luck"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Peru, colloquial) bad luck"
],
"tags": [
"Peru",
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɲa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpi.ɲa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iɲa"
}
],
"word": "piña"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/iɲa",
"Rhymes:Spanish/iɲa/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish back-formations",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Italian",
"Spanish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"es:Fruits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "escagar a piñas"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":bf",
"3": "piñata",
"id": "punch",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nItalian pigna\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tosder.?\nLate Latin -ittus\nItalian -etto\nItalian -atto\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -a\nItalian -atta\nItalian pignattabor.\nSpanish piñatabf.\nSpanish piña\n[Appendix:Glossary#back-formation|Back-formation]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"terracotta pot\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pinecone\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pinecone\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pine tree\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pine tree\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*poi-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pīnos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"relational adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ejos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éyos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-eos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-eus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ea\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pīnea\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"pigna\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ittus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-etto\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-atto\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>\", \"id\" : \"nominal\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-atta\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"pignatta\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"piñata\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"back-formation\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"piña\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-id=\"punch\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"piña\" id=\"Spanish:_punch\">\nBack-formation from piñata.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *poi-?\nProto-Italic *pīnos\nLatin pīnus\nProto-Indo-European *-éyos\nProto-Italic *-ejos\nProto-Italic *-eos\nLatin -eus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Italic *-ā\nLatin -a\nLatin -ea\nLatin pīnea\nItalian pigna\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Italic *-tosder.?\nLate Latin -ittus\nItalian -etto\nItalian -atto\n▲\nLatin -a\nItalian -a\nItalian -atta\nItalian pignattabor.\nSpanish piñatabf.\nSpanish piña\nBack-formation from piñata.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "piñas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "piña f (plural piñas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pi‧ña"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pi‧ña"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bolivian Spanish",
"Canarian Spanish",
"Cuban Spanish",
"Honduran Spanish",
"Paraguayan Spanish",
"Rioplatense Spanish",
"Venezuelan Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"a punch"
],
"links": [
[
"punch",
"punch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands, Rioplatense, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay, Honduras, Cuba) a punch"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puñetazo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Bolivia",
"Canary-Islands",
"Cuba",
"Honduras",
"Paraguay",
"Rioplatense",
"Venezuela",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Argentine Spanish",
"Bolivian Spanish",
"Canarian Spanish",
"Cuban Spanish",
"Dominican Spanish",
"Honduran Spanish",
"Paraguayan Spanish",
"Rioplatense Spanish",
"Venezuelan Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"a punch",
"fight"
],
"links": [
[
"punch",
"punch"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands, Rioplatense, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay, Honduras, Cuba) a punch",
"(Dominican Republic, Argentina) fight"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puñetazo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"Bolivia",
"Canary-Islands",
"Cuba",
"Dominican-Republic",
"Honduras",
"Paraguay",
"Rioplatense",
"Venezuela",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Argentine Spanish",
"Spanish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"collision, accident, crash"
],
"links": [
[
"collision",
"collision"
],
[
"accident",
"accident"
],
[
"crash",
"crash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Argentina, colloquial) collision, accident, crash"
],
"tags": [
"Argentina",
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɲa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpi.ɲa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iɲa"
}
],
"word": "piña"
}
Download raw JSONL data for piña meaning in Spanish (16.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Spanish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.