See air in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "behind; late",
"word": "air dheireadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "for the sake of",
"word": "air sgàth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "for",
"word": "airson"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare",
"4": "",
"5": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pr̥h₂i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παρά",
"3": "",
"4": "beside"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fore"
},
"expansion": "English fore",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*uɸer",
"4": "",
"5": "over, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "war"
},
"expansion": "Breton war",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofer"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*eɸirom",
"4": "",
"5": "after, behind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Irish ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Manx er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:\n# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.\n# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).\n# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognates include Irish ar and Manx er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "in certain established phrases",
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "orm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ormsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ort",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ortsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "air",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "airsan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirrese",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirnn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oirnne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oirbh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirbhse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "orra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "orrasan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ dative",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition in certain established phrases",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dat",
"2": "-L"
},
"expansion": "air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "on top of the wall",
"text": "air bàrr a' bhalla",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'm on my way",
"text": "tha mi air an rathad",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "on my word, I will not tell her",
"text": "air m' fhacal, chan innis mi dhi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "little by little (literally, “little on little”)",
"text": "beag air bheag",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, upon"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-cEUrieum",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in the Highlands",
"text": "air a' Ghàidhealtachd",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in the countryside",
"text": "air an dùthaich",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in (certain geographical contexts)"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-5LMSBgrZ",
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a report of thy wisdom",
"text": "iomradh air do ghliocas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of, concerning"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-8ui0ZrLG",
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"concerning",
"concerning"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "by name",
"text": "air ainm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-p-LSbo0V",
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the man fled from me",
"text": "theich an duine orm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-dYV6RYmZ",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 4 2 0 2 30 5 1 2 6 13 8 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 5 2 3 27 6 4 5 5 13 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositional pronouns",
"parents": [
"Prepositional pronouns",
"Prepositions",
"Pronoun forms",
"Lemmas",
"Non-lemma forms",
"Pronouns"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "what's your name? (literally, “what the name that is on you?”)",
"text": "dè an t-ainm a tha ort?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'm hungry (literally, “the hunger is on me”)",
"text": "tha an t-acras orm",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they have black hair (literally, “black hair is on them”)",
"text": "tha falt dubh orra",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "she has a bad cold (literally, “the cold is on her”)",
"text": "tha an cnatan oirre",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-SGO6GIhA",
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "for that reason",
"text": "air an adhbhar sin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "within a few days",
"text": "air bheag de làithean",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for, on account of, by means of, through, within (triggers lenition)"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-FSpLIzKL",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"on account of",
"on account of"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"within",
"within"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was enraged after I saw that",
"text": "bha mi air bhoil às dèidh dhomh siud fhaicinn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "we'd be lost if we were in that forest",
"text": "bhiomaid air chall nan robh sinn anns a' choille ud",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I will visit my grandmother",
"text": "thèid mi air chèilidh air mo sheanmhair",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state (triggers lenition)"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-Lotanxgc",
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he has to pay (literally, “it is on him to pay”)",
"text": "tha e air ri phàigheadh",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"must, have to"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-JyVAawW0",
"links": [
[
"bi",
"bi#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in conjunction with the verb bi) must, have to"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in conjunction with the verb bi"
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "something or other",
"text": "rud air choreigin",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or (triggers lenition)"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-~HOZWeUM",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in one common phrase) or (triggers lenition)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in one common phrase"
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 8 3 5 14 8 6 7 5 17 6 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 6 2 4 18 6 4 5 4 30 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the dative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 5 2 3 17 5 3 4 4 28 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have done the work (literally, “I am after the work its doing”)",
"text": "tha mi air an obair a dhèanamh",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they had all left in the morning (literally, “they were all after leaving in the morning”)",
"text": "bha iad uile air falbh sa mhadainn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I would have gotten away with it (literally, “I would be after getting away with it”)",
"text": "bhithinn air faighinn às leis",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with a verbal noun to indicate the perfect tense; after"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-V5EEmyJY",
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eð/",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/eɾʲ/",
"note": "North Uist, Skye, Wester Ross"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "/əɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "[əɾʲ~əʒ]",
"note": "preposition"
},
{
"ipa": "[æɾʲ~æʒ]",
"note": "3sg conjugation"
}
],
"word": "air"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare",
"4": "",
"5": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pr̥h₂i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παρά",
"3": "",
"4": "beside"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fore"
},
"expansion": "English fore",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*uɸer",
"4": "",
"5": "over, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "war"
},
"expansion": "Breton war",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofer"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*eɸirom",
"4": "",
"5": "after, behind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Irish ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Manx er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:\n# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.\n# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).\n# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognates include Irish ar and Manx er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "prepositional pronoun"
},
"expansion": "air",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "on him, on it",
"word": "air"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular masculine of air: on him, on it"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-pron-Kzp3eDJM",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"him",
"him"
],
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eð/",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/eɾʲ/",
"note": "North Uist, Skye, Wester Ross"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "/əɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "[əɾʲ~əʒ]",
"note": "preposition"
},
{
"ipa": "[æɾʲ~æʒ]",
"note": "3sg conjugation"
}
],
"word": "air"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Reduced form of thar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "air (+ genitive, triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gen",
"2": "L"
},
"expansion": "air (+ genitive, triggers lenition)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "twenty-...",
"word": "air fhichead"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "thirty (literally, “ten over twenty”)",
"text": "deich air fhichead",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "going over a mountain",
"text": "a' dol air beinn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "rarely used outside of the old counting system",
"word": "thar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form of thar; rarely used outside of the old counting system"
],
"id": "en-air-gd-prep-IjP2zeCA",
"links": [
[
"thar",
"thar#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ar"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"triggers-lenition",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eð/",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/eɾʲ/",
"note": "North Uist, Skye, Wester Ross"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "/əɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "[əɾʲ~əʒ]",
"note": "preposition"
},
{
"ipa": "[æɾʲ~æʒ]",
"note": "3sg conjugation"
}
],
"word": "air"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositional pronouns",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the dative",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "behind; late",
"word": "air dheireadh"
},
{
"english": "for the sake of",
"word": "air sgàth"
},
{
"english": "for",
"word": "airson"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare",
"4": "",
"5": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pr̥h₂i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παρά",
"3": "",
"4": "beside"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fore"
},
"expansion": "English fore",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*uɸer",
"4": "",
"5": "over, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "war"
},
"expansion": "Breton war",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofer"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*eɸirom",
"4": "",
"5": "after, behind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Irish ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Manx er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:\n# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.\n# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).\n# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognates include Irish ar and Manx er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "in certain established phrases",
"tags": [
"triggers-lenition"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "orm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ormsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ort",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ortsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "air",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "airsan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirrese",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirnn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oirnne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oirbh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "oirbhse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "orra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "orrasan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ dative",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition in certain established phrases",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dat",
"2": "-L"
},
"expansion": "air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic links with redundant target parameters",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "on top of the wall",
"text": "air bàrr a' bhalla",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'm on my way",
"text": "tha mi air an rathad",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "on my word, I will not tell her",
"text": "air m' fhacal, chan innis mi dhi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "little by little (literally, “little on little”)",
"text": "beag air bheag",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on, upon"
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in the Highlands",
"text": "air a' Ghàidhealtachd",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in the countryside",
"text": "air an dùthaich",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in (certain geographical contexts)"
],
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a report of thy wisdom",
"text": "iomradh air do ghliocas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of, concerning"
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"concerning",
"concerning"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "by name",
"text": "air ainm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by"
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the man fled from me",
"text": "theich an duine orm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from"
],
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic idioms",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "what's your name? (literally, “what the name that is on you?”)",
"text": "dè an t-ainm a tha ort?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I'm hungry (literally, “the hunger is on me”)",
"text": "tha an t-acras orm",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they have black hair (literally, “black hair is on them”)",
"text": "tha falt dubh orra",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "she has a bad cold (literally, “the cold is on her”)",
"text": "tha an cnatan oirre",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions"
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "for that reason",
"text": "air an adhbhar sin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "within a few days",
"text": "air bheag de làithean",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for, on account of, by means of, through, within (triggers lenition)"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"on account of",
"on account of"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"within",
"within"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was enraged after I saw that",
"text": "bha mi air bhoil às dèidh dhomh siud fhaicinn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "we'd be lost if we were in that forest",
"text": "bhiomaid air chall nan robh sinn anns a' choille ud",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I will visit my grandmother",
"text": "thèid mi air chèilidh air mo sheanmhair",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state (triggers lenition)"
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he has to pay (literally, “it is on him to pay”)",
"text": "tha e air ri phàigheadh",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"must, have to"
],
"links": [
[
"bi",
"bi#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in conjunction with the verb bi) must, have to"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in conjunction with the verb bi"
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic links with redundant target parameters",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "something or other",
"text": "rud air choreigin",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or (triggers lenition)"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in one common phrase) or (triggers lenition)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in one common phrase"
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have done the work (literally, “I am after the work its doing”)",
"text": "tha mi air an obair a dhèanamh",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they had all left in the morning (literally, “they were all after leaving in the morning”)",
"text": "bha iad uile air falbh sa mhadainn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I would have gotten away with it (literally, “I would be after getting away with it”)",
"text": "bhithinn air faighinn às leis",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with a verbal noun to indicate the perfect tense; after"
],
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-dative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eð/",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/eɾʲ/",
"note": "North Uist, Skye, Wester Ross"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "/əɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "[əɾʲ~əʒ]",
"note": "preposition"
},
{
"ipa": "[æɾʲ~æʒ]",
"note": "3sg conjugation"
}
],
"word": "air"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositional pronouns",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the dative",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸare",
"4": "",
"5": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pr̥h₂i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παρά",
"3": "",
"4": "beside"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fore"
},
"expansion": "English fore",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*uɸer",
"4": "",
"5": "over, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "war"
},
"expansion": "Breton war",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upér",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin super",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ofer"
},
"expansion": "Old English ofer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*eɸirom",
"4": "",
"5": "after, behind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ar"
},
"expansion": "Irish ar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Manx er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:\n# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.\n# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).\n# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.\nCognates include Irish ar and Manx er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "prepositional pronoun"
},
"expansion": "air",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "on him, on it",
"word": "air"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular masculine of air: on him, on it"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"him",
"him"
],
[
"it",
"it"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eð/",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/eɾʲ/",
"note": "North Uist, Skye, Wester Ross"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "/əɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "[əɾʲ~əʒ]",
"note": "preposition"
},
{
"ipa": "[æɾʲ~æʒ]",
"note": "3sg conjugation"
}
],
"word": "air"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "twenty-...",
"word": "air fhichead"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Reduced form of thar.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "air (+ genitive, triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gen",
"2": "L"
},
"expansion": "air (+ genitive, triggers lenition)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic links with redundant target parameters",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "thirty (literally, “ten over twenty”)",
"text": "deich air fhichead",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "going over a mountain",
"text": "a' dol air beinn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "rarely used outside of the old counting system",
"word": "thar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form of thar; rarely used outside of the old counting system"
],
"links": [
[
"thar",
"thar#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"triggers-lenition",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/eð/",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/eɾʲ/",
"note": "North Uist, Skye, Wester Ross"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "/əɾʲ/",
"note": "South Uist"
},
{
"ipa": "[əɾʲ~əʒ]",
"note": "preposition"
},
{
"ipa": "[æɾʲ~æʒ]",
"note": "3sg conjugation"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ar"
}
],
"word": "air"
}
Download raw JSONL data for air meaning in Scottish Gaelic (15.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
"path": [
"air"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "air",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113a",
"msg": "Colspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"air"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "air",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Scottish Gaelic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.