"ям" meaning in Russian

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "jaam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "站"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 站 (zhàn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "зам"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Turkic, ultimately from Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic yam and Chinese 站 (zhàn) are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели (Kazaxsko-mongolʹskije leksičeskije paralleli)) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямско́й",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "roman": "jáma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "roman": "jámov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́му",
      "roman": "jámu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мам",
      "roman": "jámam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мом",
      "roman": "jámom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мами",
      "roman": "jámami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ме",
      "roman": "jáme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мах",
      "roman": "jámax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямъ",
      "roman": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adj": "ямско́й"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mail staging post"
      ],
      "id": "en-ям-ru-noun-7eA-uGE1",
      "links": [
        [
          "mail",
          "mail"
        ],
        [
          "staging",
          "staging"
        ],
        [
          "post",
          "post"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) mail staging post"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "jamščík",
          "word": "ямщи́к"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямъ",
      "roman": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f-in-p"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "jáma",
          "word": "я́ма"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ям-ru-noun-dZbH4ERJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "я́ма",
          "яма#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "inanimate",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian noun forms",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian terms derived from Chinese",
    "Russian terms derived from Mongolian",
    "Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "jaam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "站"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 站 (zhàn)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "зам"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Turkic, ultimately from Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic yam and Chinese 站 (zhàn) are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели (Kazaxsko-mongolʹskije leksičeskije paralleli)) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямско́й",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ма",
      "roman": "jáma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мов",
      "roman": "jámov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́му",
      "roman": "jámu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мам",
      "roman": "jámam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́м",
      "roman": "jám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мы",
      "roman": "jámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мом",
      "roman": "jámom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мами",
      "roman": "jámami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́ме",
      "roman": "jáme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "я́мах",
      "roman": "jámax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямъ",
      "roman": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "adj": "ямско́й"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "jamščík",
      "word": "ямщи́к"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mail staging post"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mail",
          "mail"
        ],
        [
          "staging",
          "staging"
        ],
        [
          "post",
          "post"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) mail staging post"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian non-lemma forms",
    "Russian noun forms",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ямъ",
      "roman": "jam",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f-in-p"
      },
      "expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "jáma",
          "word": "я́ма"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "я́ма",
          "яма#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "inanimate",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "[jam]",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ям"
}