See ям in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ям meaning in Russian (5.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "зам"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic, eventually Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямско́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"roman": "jáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"roman": "jámov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́му",
"roman": "jámu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мам",
"roman": "jámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мом",
"roman": "jámom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мами",
"roman": "jámami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ме",
"roman": "jáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мах",
"roman": "jámax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ямско́й"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mail staging post"
],
"id": "en-ям-ru-noun-7eA-uGE1",
"links": [
[
"mail",
"mail"
],
[
"staging",
"staging"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) mail staging post"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "jamščík",
"word": "ямщи́к"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-in-p",
"g10": "",
"g11": "",
"g12": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"g6": "",
"g7": "",
"g8": "",
"g9": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": "",
"head6": "",
"tr": "",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"2": "f-in-p"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "ru-noun form"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "jáma",
"word": "я́ма"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
],
"id": "en-ям-ru-noun-dZbH4ERJ",
"links": [
[
"я́ма",
"яма#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "зам"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian зам (zam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Turkic, eventually Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic jam and Chinese zhàn are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese \"to stand > stand > station\" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ямско́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ма",
"roman": "jáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мов",
"roman": "jámov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́му",
"roman": "jámu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мам",
"roman": "jámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́м",
"roman": "jám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мы",
"roman": "jámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мом",
"roman": "jámom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мами",
"roman": "jámami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "я́ме",
"roman": "jáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "я́мах",
"roman": "jámax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ямско́й"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jamščík",
"word": "ямщи́к"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"mail staging post"
],
"links": [
[
"mail",
"mail"
],
[
"staging",
"staging"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) mail staging post"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian noun forms",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "jam",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f-in-p",
"g10": "",
"g11": "",
"g12": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"g5": "",
"g6": "",
"g7": "",
"g8": "",
"g9": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": "",
"head6": "",
"tr": "",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": "",
"tr5": "",
"tr6": ""
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"2": "f-in-p"
},
"expansion": "ям • (jam) f inan pl",
"name": "ru-noun form"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "jáma",
"word": "я́ма"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of я́ма (jáma)"
],
"links": [
[
"я́ма",
"яма#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "RU-ям (adult male).wav",
"audio-ipa": "[jam]",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav/RU-%D1%8F%D0%BC_%28adult_male%29.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "jam",
"word": "ямъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "ям"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.