"val" meaning in Romanian

See val in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian val; close to Albanian valë. Etymology templates: {{dercat|ro|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro}}, {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|ro|cu|валъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ), {{bor+|ro|cu|валъ}} Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ), {{der|ro|sla-pro|*valъ}} Proto-Slavic *valъ, {{cog|sh|val}} Serbo-Croatian val, {{m|sq|valë}} valë Head templates: {{ro-noun|n|valuri}} val n (plural valuri) Inflection templates: {{ro-decl-noun|g=n|gpd=valurilor|gpi=valuri|gsd=valului|gsi=val|n=|npd=valurile|npi=valuri|nsd=valul|nsi=val|vp=valurilor|vs=valule|vs2=}} Forms: valuri [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], val [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], un val [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], valul [accusative, definite, nominative, singular], valuri [accusative, indefinite, nominative, plural], niște valuri [accusative, indefinite, nominative, plural], valurile [accusative, definite, nominative, plural], val [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], unui val [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], valului [dative, definite, genitive, singular], valuri [dative, genitive, indefinite, plural], unor valuri [dative, genitive, indefinite, plural], valurilor [dative, definite, genitive, plural], valule [singular, vocative], valurilor [plural, vocative]
  1. wave Tags: neuter Synonyms: undă Derived forms: învălura, învălui, vălări Related terms: năvăli, prăvăli, valmă
    Sense id: en-val-ro-noun-SxJeyZp0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Etymology: From Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”), probably a later borrowing; cf. German Wall, Italian vallo, also English wall. Etymology templates: {{der|ro|la|vallum||wall, rampart}} Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”), {{m|de|Wall}} Wall, {{m|it|vallo}} vallo, {{m|en|wall}} wall Head templates: {{ro-noun|n|valuri}} val n (plural valuri) Inflection templates: {{ro-decl-noun|g=n|gpd=valurilor|gpi=valuri|gsd=valului|gsi=val|n=|npd=valurile|npi=valuri|nsd=valul|nsi=val|vp=valurilor|vs=valule|vs2=}} Forms: valuri [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], val [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], un val [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], valul [accusative, definite, nominative, singular], valuri [accusative, indefinite, nominative, plural], niște valuri [accusative, indefinite, nominative, plural], valurile [accusative, definite, nominative, plural], val [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], unui val [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], valului [dative, definite, genitive, singular], valuri [dative, genitive, indefinite, plural], unor valuri [dative, genitive, indefinite, plural], valurilor [dative, definite, genitive, plural], valule [singular, vocative], valurilor [plural, vocative]
  1. earth rampart which served in antiquity as a military stronghold Tags: neuter Related terms: văl
    Sense id: en-val-ro-noun-Eq7DPaOw Categories (other): Romanian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Romanian entries with incorrect language header: 5 95
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for val meaning in Romanian (6.3kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "cu",
        "3": "валъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "cu",
        "3": "валъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*valъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *valъ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "val"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian val",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "valë"
      },
      "expansion": "valë",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian val; close to Albanian valë.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niște valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unor valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "valuri"
      },
      "expansion": "val n (plural valuri)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "valurilor",
        "gpi": "valuri",
        "gsd": "valului",
        "gsi": "val",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "valurile",
        "npi": "valuri",
        "nsd": "valul",
        "nsi": "val",
        "vp": "valurilor",
        "vs": "valule",
        "vs2": ""
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "învălura"
        },
        {
          "word": "învălui"
        },
        {
          "word": "vălări"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wave"
      ],
      "id": "en-val-ro-noun-SxJeyZp0",
      "links": [
        [
          "wave",
          "wave"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "năvăli"
        },
        {
          "word": "prăvăli"
        },
        {
          "word": "valmă"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "undă"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "val"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vallum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wall, rampart"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Wall"
      },
      "expansion": "Wall",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "vallo"
      },
      "expansion": "vallo",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wall"
      },
      "expansion": "wall",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”), probably a later borrowing; cf. German Wall, Italian vallo, also English wall.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niște valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unor valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "valuri"
      },
      "expansion": "val n (plural valuri)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "valurilor",
        "gpi": "valuri",
        "gsd": "valului",
        "gsi": "val",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "valurile",
        "npi": "valuri",
        "nsd": "valul",
        "nsi": "val",
        "vp": "valurilor",
        "vs": "valule",
        "vs2": ""
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "earth rampart which served in antiquity as a military stronghold"
      ],
      "id": "en-val-ro-noun-Eq7DPaOw",
      "links": [
        [
          "rampart",
          "rampart"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "văl"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "val"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Romanian countable nouns",
    "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Romanian lemmas",
    "Romanian neuter nouns",
    "Romanian nouns",
    "Romanian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic",
    "Romanian terms derived from Latin",
    "Romanian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic",
    "Romanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Romanian terms derived from Proto-Slavic"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "învălura"
    },
    {
      "word": "învălui"
    },
    {
      "word": "vălări"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "cu",
        "3": "валъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "cu",
        "3": "валъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*valъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *valъ",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "val"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian val",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "valë"
      },
      "expansion": "valë",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ. Compare Serbo-Croatian val; close to Albanian valë.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niște valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unor valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "valuri"
      },
      "expansion": "val n (plural valuri)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "valurilor",
        "gpi": "valuri",
        "gsd": "valului",
        "gsi": "val",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "valurile",
        "npi": "valuri",
        "nsd": "valul",
        "nsi": "val",
        "vp": "valurilor",
        "vs": "valule",
        "vs2": ""
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "năvăli"
    },
    {
      "word": "prăvăli"
    },
    {
      "word": "valmă"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wave",
          "wave"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "undă"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "val"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Romanian countable nouns",
    "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Romanian lemmas",
    "Romanian neuter nouns",
    "Romanian nouns",
    "Romanian terms derived from Latin"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vallum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wall, rampart"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Wall"
      },
      "expansion": "Wall",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "vallo"
      },
      "expansion": "vallo",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "wall"
      },
      "expansion": "wall",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vallum (“wall, rampart”), probably a later borrowing; cf. German Wall, Italian vallo, also English wall.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niște valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurile",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui val",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unor valuri",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "valurilor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "valuri"
      },
      "expansion": "val n (plural valuri)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "valurilor",
        "gpi": "valuri",
        "gsd": "valului",
        "gsi": "val",
        "n": "",
        "npd": "valurile",
        "npi": "valuri",
        "nsd": "valul",
        "nsi": "val",
        "vp": "valurilor",
        "vs": "valule",
        "vs2": ""
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "văl"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "earth rampart which served in antiquity as a military stronghold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rampart",
          "rampart"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "val"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Romanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.