See wald in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for wald meaning in Proto-West Germanic (13.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "weald"
},
"expansion": "Old English: weald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: weald"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wald"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wald"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wald"
},
"expansion": "English: wald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wald"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*wald"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *wald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *wald"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "walt"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: walt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: walt"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "rule"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waldą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waldą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*waldan"
},
"expansion": "*waldan",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *waldą. Deverbal noun from the root of *waldan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*wald n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wald",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 27 23 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old English: ġeweald",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "iwald"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: gewout, gewelt",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "geweld"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"tags": [
"Luxembourgish"
],
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"tags": [
"German",
"Pennsylvania"
],
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"roman": "gevald",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "געװאַלד"
},
{
"roman": "gevalt",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "געוואַלט"
},
{
"roman": "gvald",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "גװאַלד"
},
{
"roman": "gvalt",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "גוואַלט"
}
],
"glosses": [
"might, power, authority, force"
],
"id": "en-wald-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:power",
"links": [
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:power"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wald"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Catalan: herald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Danish: herold"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Irish: aralt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Italian: araldo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "Middle French: herault"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "herautFrench: héraut→ Portuguese: arauto→ Spanish: heraldo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Middle Dutch: heraut",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "heraut"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Frankish: *-wald",
"word": "→ Medieval Latin: -aldus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waldaz",
"id": "wielder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valdr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse valdr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *waldaz. Cognate with Old Norse valdr of the same meaning.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wald m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wald",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 27 23 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 32 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 22 20 33 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Middle High German",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Herold"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "smug, proud (of one's appearance or clothing)",
"sense": "Spanish: faraute (“presenter (of the beginning of a comedy)”)",
"word": "→ French: faraudLouisiana Creole: faraud"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Old Swedish: härold; Swedish",
"word": "härold"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Middle English: herald, herauld, heraud",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "herald"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "⇒ Old French: cucuault→ Middle English: cokewold"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cokewald"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cukewald"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cukeweld"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cokwoldEnglish: cuckold→ Irish: cucól"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Middle French: -aud",
"tags": [
"French"
],
"word": "-aud"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wielder"
],
"id": "en-wald-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:wielder",
"links": [
[
"wielder",
"wielder"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:wielder"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"ruler, leader"
],
"id": "en-wald-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:ruler",
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:ruler"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wald"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "weald",
"id": "powerful"
},
"expansion": "Old English: weald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: weald"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waldaz",
"id": "powerful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valdr#Adjective",
"3": "valdr",
"4": "causing, guilty of"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse valdr (“causing, guilty of”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *waldaz. Cognate with Old Norse valdr (“causing, guilty of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*wald",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wald",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 27 23 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"powerful, mighty"
],
"id": "en-wald-gmw-pro-adj-gmw_pro:powerful",
"links": [
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"mighty",
"mighty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:powerful"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 27 23 32 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"english": "enormous",
"sense": "Old High German; Middle High German",
"word": "gewalt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reigning, ruling, having authority"
],
"id": "en-wald-gmw-pro-adj-ojf3Gb9v",
"links": [
[
"reigning",
"reigning"
],
[
"ruling",
"ruling"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wald"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse links with manual fragments",
"Old Norse links with redundant alt parameters",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (rule)",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old English: ġeweald",
"tags": [
"English",
"Middle"
],
"word": "iwald"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: gewout, gewelt",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "geweld"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"tags": [
"Luxembourgish"
],
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt",
"tags": [
"German",
"Pennsylvania"
],
"word": "Gewalt"
},
{
"roman": "gevald",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "געװאַלד"
},
{
"roman": "gevalt",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "געוואַלט"
},
{
"roman": "gvald",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "גװאַלד"
},
{
"roman": "gvalt",
"sense": "Middle High German: gewalt; Yiddish",
"word": "גוואַלט"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "weald"
},
"expansion": "Old English: weald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: weald"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wald"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wald"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wald"
},
"expansion": "English: wald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wald"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*wald"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *wald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *wald"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "walt"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: walt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: walt"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "rule"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waldą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waldą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*waldan"
},
"expansion": "*waldan",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *waldą. Deverbal noun from the root of *waldan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*wald n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wald",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Society",
"gmw-pro:Strength"
],
"glosses": [
"might, power, authority, force"
],
"links": [
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:power"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wald"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse links with manual fragments",
"Old Norse links with redundant alt parameters",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Catalan: herald"
},
{
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Danish: herold"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle Dutch: heraut",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "heraut"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Herold"
},
{
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Irish: aralt"
},
{
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "→ Italian: araldo"
},
{
"english": "smug, proud (of one's appearance or clothing)",
"sense": "Spanish: faraute (“presenter (of the beginning of a comedy)”)",
"word": "→ French: faraudLouisiana Creole: faraud"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old Swedish: härold; Swedish",
"word": "härold"
},
{
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "Middle French: herault"
},
{
"sense": "Old French: heralt, heraut, hiraut",
"word": "herautFrench: héraut→ Portuguese: arauto→ Spanish: heraldo"
},
{
"sense": "→ Middle English: herald, herauld, heraud",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "herald"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "⇒ Old French: cucuault→ Middle English: cokewold"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cokewald"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cukewald"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cukeweld"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old French: -alt, -ault, -ald, -aud",
"word": "cokwoldEnglish: cuckold→ Irish: cucól"
},
{
"sense": "Middle French: -aud",
"tags": [
"French"
],
"word": "-aud"
},
{
"sense": "Frankish: *-wald",
"word": "→ Medieval Latin: -aldus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waldaz",
"id": "wielder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valdr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse valdr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *waldaz. Cognate with Old Norse valdr of the same meaning.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wald m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wald",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:People"
],
"glosses": [
"wielder"
],
"links": [
[
"wielder",
"wielder"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:wielder"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Leaders",
"gmw-pro:Monarchy"
],
"glosses": [
"ruler, leader"
],
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:ruler"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wald"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse links with manual fragments",
"Old Norse links with redundant alt parameters",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "enormous",
"sense": "Old High German; Middle High German",
"word": "gewalt"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "weald",
"id": "powerful"
},
"expansion": "Old English: weald",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: weald"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waldaz",
"id": "powerful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waldaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valdr#Adjective",
"3": "valdr",
"4": "causing, guilty of"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse valdr (“causing, guilty of”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *waldaz. Cognate with Old Norse valdr (“causing, guilty of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wald",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waldē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waldum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*wald",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wald",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"powerful, mighty"
],
"links": [
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"mighty",
"mighty"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:powerful"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Monarchy"
],
"glosses": [
"reigning, ruling, having authority"
],
"links": [
[
"reigning",
"reigning"
],
[
"ruling",
"ruling"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wald"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.