See twīfl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "twīfil",
"3": "twīvel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: twīfil, twīvel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: twīfil, twīvel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Twieuwel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Twieuwel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Twieuwel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "twivel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: twivel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: twivel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*twīfal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *twīfal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *twīfal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twīvel",
"3": "twīfel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twīvel, twīfel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twīvel, twīfel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvivl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: tvivl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: tvivl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvivel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tvivel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tvivel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "tvil",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tvil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tvil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tvil",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tvil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tvil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "twīfal"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: twīfal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: twīfal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twivel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twivel, twifel\nDutch: twijfel\nLimburgish: twiefel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twivel, twifel\nDutch: twijfel\nLimburgish: twiefel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zwīfal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zwīfal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zwīfal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwīvel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwīvel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwīvel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zweifel"
},
"expansion": "German: Zweifel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Zweifel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Zweiwel"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Zweiwel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Zweiwel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twīflaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twīflaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *twīflaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*twīfl m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twīfl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "twīflijan"
},
{
"word": "twīflōn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"doubt"
],
"id": "en-twīfl-gmw-pro-noun-xnYOgOMy",
"links": [
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*twihō"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twīfl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "twīflijan"
},
{
"word": "twīflōn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "twīfil",
"3": "twīvel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: twīfil, twīvel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: twīfil, twīvel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Twieuwel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Twieuwel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Twieuwel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "twivel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: twivel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: twivel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*twīfal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *twīfal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *twīfal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twīvel",
"3": "twīfel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twīvel, twīfel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twīvel, twīfel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tvivl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: tvivl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: tvivl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvivel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tvivel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tvivel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "tvil",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tvil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tvil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tvil",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tvil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tvil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "twīfal"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: twīfal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: twīfal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twivel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twivel, twifel\nDutch: twijfel\nLimburgish: twiefel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twivel, twifel\nDutch: twijfel\nLimburgish: twiefel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zwīfal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zwīfal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zwīfal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwīvel"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwīvel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwīvel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zweifel"
},
"expansion": "German: Zweifel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Zweifel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Zweiwel"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Zweiwel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Zweiwel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twīflaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twīflaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *twīflaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*twīfl m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twīfl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"doubt"
],
"links": [
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*twihō"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twīfl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for twīfl meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.