See twīflijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "twīflian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: twīflian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: twīflian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twivelen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of *twīflōn"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of *twīflōn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twivelen (merged with descendant of *twīflōn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "twiefeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German: twiefeln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: twiefeln"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "twīvalen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: twīvalen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: twīvalen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twivelen\nDutch: twijfelen\nLimburgish: twiefele",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twivelen\nDutch: twijfelen\nLimburgish: twiefele"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zwīfalen",
"3": "zwīvalen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zwīfalen, zwīvalen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zwīfalen, zwīvalen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwīveln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwīveln",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of *twīflōn"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of *twīflōn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwīveln (merged with descendant of *twīflōn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zweifeln"
},
"expansion": "German: zweifeln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: zweifeln"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twīflijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twīflijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*twīfl",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "doubt"
},
"expansion": "*twīfl (“doubt”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *twīflijaną. Equivalent to *twīfl (“doubt”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*twīflijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twīflijan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to doubt"
],
"id": "en-twīflijan-gmw-pro-verb-r-J5n7Ed",
"links": [
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "twīflōn"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twīflijan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "twīflian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: twīflian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: twīflian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twivelen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of *twīflōn"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of *twīflōn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twivelen (merged with descendant of *twīflōn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "twiefeln"
},
"expansion": "Low German: twiefeln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: twiefeln"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "twīvalen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: twīvalen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: twīvalen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twivelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twivelen\nDutch: twijfelen\nLimburgish: twiefele",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twivelen\nDutch: twijfelen\nLimburgish: twiefele"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zwīfalen",
"3": "zwīvalen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zwīfalen, zwīvalen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zwīfalen, zwīvalen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwīveln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwīveln",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of *twīflōn"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of *twīflōn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwīveln (merged with descendant of *twīflōn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zweifeln"
},
"expansion": "German: zweifeln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: zweifeln"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twīflijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twīflijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*twīfl",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "doubt"
},
"expansion": "*twīfl (“doubt”) + *-jan",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *twīflijaną. Equivalent to *twīfl (“doubt”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīfliþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflijandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "twīflid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*twīflijan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twīflijan",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "twīflōn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to doubt"
],
"links": [
[
"doubt",
"doubt"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twīflijan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for twīflijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.