See laud in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for laud meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēad"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lēad\nMiddle English: led, lead, lede, leed, leod, leyd, leyt; læd\nEnglish: lead\nScots: leid, lede\nYola: leed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lēad\nMiddle English: led, lead, lede, leed, leod, leyd, leyt; læd\nEnglish: lead\nScots: leid, lede\nYola: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lād"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lād",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lād"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "lud",
"3": "luad"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: lud, luad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: lud, luad"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Lood"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Lood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Lood"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lead"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: lead",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: lead"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lōd"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lōd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lōd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lôt"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lôt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lôt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Lood"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Lood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Lood"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lod",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: lod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: lod"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lodd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: lodd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: lodd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*lōt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *lōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *lōt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "lôot"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: lôot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: lôot"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: lood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: lood"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*lōt"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *lōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *lōt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "lōt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: lōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: lōt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lot"
},
"expansion": "German: Lot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Lot"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lut",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: lut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: lut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "łut",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: łut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: łut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*laudon"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *laudon",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸloudom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Gaulish *laudon, from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laudas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laudē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laudu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*laud n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "laudijan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lead (metal)"
],
"id": "en-laud-gmw-pro-noun-70rQOrHU",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*blīu"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laud"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "laudijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēad"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lēad\nMiddle English: led, lead, lede, leed, leod, leyd, leyt; læd\nEnglish: lead\nScots: leid, lede\nYola: leed",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lēad\nMiddle English: led, lead, lede, leed, leod, leyd, leyt; læd\nEnglish: lead\nScots: leid, lede\nYola: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lād"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lād",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lād"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "lud",
"3": "luad"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: lud, luad",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: lud, luad"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Lood"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Lood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Lood"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lead"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: lead",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: lead"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lōd"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lōd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lōd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lôt"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: lôt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: lôt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Lood"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Lood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Lood"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lod",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: lod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: lod"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lodd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: lodd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: lodd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*lōt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *lōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *lōt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "lôot"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: lôot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: lôot"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: lood",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: lood"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*lōt"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *lōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *lōt"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "lōt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: lōt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: lōt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lot"
},
"expansion": "German: Lot",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Lot"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lut",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: lut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: lut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "łut",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: łut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: łut"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*laudon"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *laudon",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸloudom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Gaulish *laudon, from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laudas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laudē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laudu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laudum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*laud n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laud",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms borrowed from Gaulish",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Gaulish",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"gmw-pro:Lead"
],
"glosses": [
"lead (metal)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*blīu"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "laud"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.