See fūl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fūl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: foul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "English: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: foul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Scots: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: foul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: fūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: fūl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "fuul"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: fuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: fuul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fûl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: fûl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: fûl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fūl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in derivatives"
},
"expansion": "(in derivatives)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vûl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vûl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vûl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fuul"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: fuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: fuul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fūl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in derivatives"
},
"expansion": "(in derivatives)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vuul"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vuul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vuil"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: vuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: vuil"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "vuil"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: vuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: vuil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fūl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vūl",
"3": "voul"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vūl, voul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vūl, voul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "baul"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: baul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: baul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "faul"
},
"expansion": "German: faul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: faul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿױל"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: פֿױל (foyl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: פֿױל (foyl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*fūl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fūlēn"
},
{
"word": "fūlijan"
},
{
"word": "fūliþu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foul, dirty"
],
"id": "en-fūl-gmw-pro-adj-A7ymC81H",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fūl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fūlēn"
},
{
"word": "fūlijan"
},
{
"word": "fūliþu"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fūl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: foul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "English: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: foul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "Scots: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: foul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: fūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: fūl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "fuul"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: fuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: fuul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "fûl"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: fûl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: fûl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fūl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in derivatives"
},
"expansion": "(in derivatives)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vûl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vûl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vûl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fuul"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: fuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: fuul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fūl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in derivatives"
},
"expansion": "(in derivatives)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vuul"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vuul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vuil"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: vuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: vuil"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "vuil"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: vuil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: vuil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fūl"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fūl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fūl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vūl",
"3": "voul"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vūl, voul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vūl, voul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "baul"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: baul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: baul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "faul"
},
"expansion": "German: faul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: faul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿױל"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: פֿױל (foyl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: פֿױל (foyl)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fūlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fūlaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *fūlaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*fūl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Hygiene"
],
"glosses": [
"foul, dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fūl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fūl meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (5d527b9 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.