See fūlēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fūlēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fūlian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fūlian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fūlian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: foulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: foulen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "English: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: foul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fūlōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fūlōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fūlōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vûlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vûlen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vûlen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fulen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: fulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: fulen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fūlon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fūlon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fūlon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vulen\nDutch: vuilen\nLimburgish: voele",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vulen\nDutch: vuilen\nLimburgish: voele"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fūlēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fūlēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fūlēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vūlen",
"3": "viulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vūlen, viulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vūlen, viulen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "faulen"
},
"expansion": "German: faulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: faulen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿױלן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: פֿױלן (foyln)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: פֿױלן (foyln)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fūl",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "foul"
},
"expansion": "*fūl (“foul”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *fūl (“foul”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*fūlēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūlēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become foul; rot; decay"
],
"id": "en-fūlēn-gmw-pro-verb-aEcXke4U",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"rot",
"rot"
],
[
"decay",
"decay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to become foul; rot; decay"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "fūlijan"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fūlēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fūlian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: fūlian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: fūlian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "foulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: foulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: foulen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul"
},
"expansion": "English: foul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: foul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fūlōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fūlōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fūlōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vûlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vûlen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vûlen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "fulen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: fulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: fulen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fūlon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fūlon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fūlon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vulen\nDutch: vuilen\nLimburgish: voele",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vulen\nDutch: vuilen\nLimburgish: voele"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fūlēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fūlēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fūlēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vūlen",
"3": "viulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vūlen, viulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vūlen, viulen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "faulen"
},
"expansion": "German: faulen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: faulen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "פֿױלן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: פֿױלן (foyln)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: פֿױלן (foyln)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fūl",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "foul"
},
"expansion": "*fūl (“foul”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *fūl (“foul”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fūlēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fūl?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*fūlēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūlēn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "fūlijan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic intransitive verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to become foul; rot; decay"
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"rot",
"rot"
],
[
"decay",
"decay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to become foul; rot; decay"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fūlēn"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.