See þorn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þorn, *ᚦᚩᚱᚾ (*þórn)\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þorn, *ᚦᚩᚱᚾ (*þórn)\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Tuurn"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: Tuurn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sylt"
},
"expansion": "(Sylt)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: Tuurn (Sylt)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Touden",
"3": "Tudden"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: toarne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: toarne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: dorn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Torn"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Torn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Torn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "dòrn"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: dòrn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: dòrn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German: Dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Dorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Dorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Dar"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Dar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Dar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דאָרן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: דאָרן (dorn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: דאָרן (dorn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *þurnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*þorn m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þorn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "haguþorn"
},
{
"word": "þebōnþorn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn, briar"
],
"id": "en-þorn-gmw-pro-noun-bFwzzo36",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þorn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "haguþorn"
},
{
"word": "þebōnþorn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þorn, *ᚦᚩᚱᚾ (*þórn)\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þorn, *ᚦᚩᚱᚾ (*þórn)\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: thorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: thorn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Tuurn"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: Tuurn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Sylt"
},
"expansion": "(Sylt)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: Tuurn (Sylt)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Touden",
"3": "Tudden"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toarne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: toarne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: toarne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dorn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: dorn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dorn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Torn"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Torn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Torn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "dòrn"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: dòrn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: dòrn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "German: Dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Dorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Dorn"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Dorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Dorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Dar"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Dar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Dar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דאָרן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: דאָרן (dorn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: דאָרן (dorn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *þurnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þorn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þornu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þornum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*þorn m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þorn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Plants"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn, briar"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "þorn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þorn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.