"xoldъ" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See xoldъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Unclear. * Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (reconstructed by Illich-Svitych as *(s)gel- in order to accommodate the Slavic data), in which case it is cognate with Latin gelidus (“cool, icy”), English cold, Sanskrit जड (jaḍa), but initial *x- is hard to explain. * Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH-, in which case it is cognate with Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (sar^əta), Persian سرد (sard), Ossetian салд (sald), but initial *x- is likewise hard to explain. Etymology templates: {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*gel-}} Proto-Indo-European *gel-, {{cog|la|gelidus|t=cool, icy}} Latin gelidus (“cool, icy”), {{cog|en|cold}} English cold, {{cog|sa|जड}} Sanskrit जड (jaḍa), {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱelH-}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH-, {{cog|lt|šáltas|t=cold}} Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”), {{cog|ae|𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀}} Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (sar^əta), {{cog|fa|سرد|tr=sard}} Persian سرد (sard), {{cog|os|салд}} Ossetian салд (sald) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|xȏldъ|ap=c}} Forms: xȏldъ [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], c [accent-paradigm], xȏldъ [nominative, singular], xȏlda [dual, nominative], xȏldi [nominative, plural], xȏlda [genitive, singular], xoldù [dual, genitive], xõldъ [genitive, plural], xȏldu [dative, singular], xoldomà [dative, dual], xoldòmъ [dative, plural], xȏldъ [accusative, singular], xȏlda [accusative, dual], xȏldy [accusative, plural], xȏldъmь [instrumental, singular], xȏldomь [instrumental, singular], xoldomà [dual, instrumental], xoldý [instrumental, plural], xȏldě [locative, singular], xoldù [dual, locative], xoldě̃xъ [locative, plural], xolde [singular, vocative], xȏlda [dual, vocative], xȏldi [plural, vocative]
  1. cold, coolness Wikipedia link: Marko Snoj, Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: xolditi, xolďati (english: to cool), xolděti, xoldьněti (english: to be cold, to chill), xoldьnъ (english: cold, chilly), xoldъkъ (english: cool), xoldina, xoldota (english: chilliness), xoldoťa (english: chilliness), xoldьcь (english: coolness) Related terms: goldъ (english: hunger), golotь (english: ice crystal), želdь, želdica (english: hail, frost), solna (english: hoarfrost), koldędzь, koldenьcь, koldьcь (english: well)

Download JSON data for xoldъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "хо́лад"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: хо́лад (xólad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: хо́лад (xólad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хо́лод"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: хо́лод (xólod)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: хо́лод (xólod)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "хо́лод"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: хо́лод (xólod)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: хо́лод (xólod)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "хладъ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хладъ (xladŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: хладъ (xladŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱈⰾⰰⰴⱏ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⰰⰴⱏ (xladŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⰰⰴⱏ (xladŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "хлад"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: хлад (hlad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: хлад (hlad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "лад"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: лад (lad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: лад (lad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "хла̑д",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: хла̑д",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: хла̑д"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "hlȃd",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: hlȃd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: hlȃd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hlȃd",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "coolness"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hlȃd (“coolness”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hlȃd",
            "gloss": "coolness"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hlȃd (“coolness”) (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: hlȃd (“coolness”) (tonal orthography); dialectal hlad (“shadow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "chlad"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: chlad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: chlad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chlad"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: chlad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: chlad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "chłód"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: chłód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: chłód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "xlåd"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: xlåd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: xlåd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "chłód"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: chłód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: chłód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "chlad"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: chlad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: chlad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "chlôd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: chlôd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: chlôd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "chłód"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chłód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: chłód, gen. chłoda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "chłodk",
            "t": "coolness, shade"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: chłodk (“coolness, shade”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: chłodk (“coolness, shade”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gelidus",
        "t": "cool, icy"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin gelidus (“cool, icy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "English cold",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "जड"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit जड (jaḍa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "šáltas",
        "t": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (sar^əta)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سرد",
        "tr": "sard"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سرد (sard)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "салд"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian салд (sald)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unclear.\n* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (reconstructed by Illich-Svitych as *(s)gel- in order to accommodate the Slavic data), in which case it is cognate with Latin gelidus (“cool, icy”), English cold, Sanskrit जड (jaḍa), but initial *x- is hard to explain.\n* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH-, in which case it is cognate with Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (sar^əta), Persian سرد (sard), Ossetian салд (sald), but initial *x- is likewise hard to explain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xȏldъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xõldъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldomà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldòmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldomь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldomà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldý",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldě̃xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xolde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xȏldъ",
        "ap": "c"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xoldъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "xolditi"
        },
        {
          "english": "to cool",
          "word": "xolďati"
        },
        {
          "word": "xolděti"
        },
        {
          "english": "to be cold, to chill",
          "word": "xoldьněti"
        },
        {
          "english": "cold, chilly",
          "word": "xoldьnъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "cool",
          "word": "xoldъkъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "xoldina"
        },
        {
          "english": "chilliness",
          "word": "xoldota"
        },
        {
          "english": "chilliness",
          "word": "xoldoťa"
        },
        {
          "english": "coolness",
          "word": "xoldьcь"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold, coolness"
      ],
      "id": "en-xoldъ-sla-pro-noun-dvfUi7G0",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "coolness",
          "coolness"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "hunger",
          "word": "goldъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "ice crystal",
          "word": "golotь"
        },
        {
          "word": "želdь"
        },
        {
          "english": "hail, frost",
          "word": "želdica"
        },
        {
          "english": "hoarfrost",
          "word": "solna"
        },
        {
          "word": "koldędzь"
        },
        {
          "word": "koldenьcь"
        },
        {
          "english": "well",
          "word": "koldьcь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "xoldъ"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "xolditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "to cool",
      "word": "xolďati"
    },
    {
      "word": "xolděti"
    },
    {
      "english": "to be cold, to chill",
      "word": "xoldьněti"
    },
    {
      "english": "cold, chilly",
      "word": "xoldьnъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "cool",
      "word": "xoldъkъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "xoldina"
    },
    {
      "english": "chilliness",
      "word": "xoldota"
    },
    {
      "english": "chilliness",
      "word": "xoldoťa"
    },
    {
      "english": "coolness",
      "word": "xoldьcь"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "хо́лад"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: хо́лад (xólad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: хо́лад (xólad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хо́лод"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: хо́лод (xólod)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: хо́лод (xólod)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "хо́лод"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: хо́лод (xólod)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: хо́лод (xólod)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "хладъ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хладъ (xladŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: хладъ (xladŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱈⰾⰰⰴⱏ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⰰⰴⱏ (xladŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⰰⰴⱏ (xladŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "хлад"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: хлад (hlad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: хлад (hlad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "лад"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: лад (lad)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: лад (lad)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "хла̑д",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: хла̑д",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: хла̑д"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "hlȃd",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: hlȃd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: hlȃd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hlȃd",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "coolness"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hlȃd (“coolness”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hlȃd",
            "gloss": "coolness"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hlȃd (“coolness”) (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: hlȃd (“coolness”) (tonal orthography); dialectal hlad (“shadow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "chlad"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: chlad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: chlad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chlad"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: chlad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: chlad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "chłód"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: chłód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: chłód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "xlåd"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: xlåd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: xlåd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "chłód"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: chłód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: chłód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "chlad"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: chlad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: chlad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "chlôd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: chlôd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: chlôd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "chłód"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chłód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: chłód, gen. chłoda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "chłodk",
            "t": "coolness, shade"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: chłodk (“coolness, shade”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: chłodk (“coolness, shade”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gelidus",
        "t": "cool, icy"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin gelidus (“cool, icy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "English cold",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "जड"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit जड (jaḍa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱelH-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "šáltas",
        "t": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (sar^əta)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سرد",
        "tr": "sard"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سرد (sard)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "салд"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian салд (sald)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unclear.\n* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (reconstructed by Illich-Svitych as *(s)gel- in order to accommodate the Slavic data), in which case it is cognate with Latin gelidus (“cool, icy”), English cold, Sanskrit जड (jaḍa), but initial *x- is hard to explain.\n* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH-, in which case it is cognate with Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (sar^əta), Persian سرد (sard), Ossetian салд (sald), but initial *x- is likewise hard to explain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xȏldъ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xõldъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldomà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldòmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldomь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldomà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldý",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xoldě̃xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xolde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏlda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xȏldi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xȏldъ",
        "ap": "c"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xoldъ",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "hunger",
      "word": "goldъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "ice crystal",
      "word": "golotь"
    },
    {
      "word": "želdь"
    },
    {
      "english": "hail, frost",
      "word": "želdica"
    },
    {
      "english": "hoarfrost",
      "word": "solna"
    },
    {
      "word": "koldędzь"
    },
    {
      "word": "koldenьcь"
    },
    {
      "english": "well",
      "word": "koldьcь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
        "Slovene terms with quotations",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "sla-pro:Temperature"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold, coolness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "coolness",
          "coolness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "xoldъ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.