See tъrgati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to extort",
"translation": "to extort",
"word": "jьztъrgati < *jьz + *tъrgati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to cancel",
"translation": "to cancel",
"word": "orztъrgati < *orz + *tъrgati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to tremor",
"translation": "to tremor",
"word": "potъrgati < *po + *tъrgati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "ottorgátʹ",
"word": "отторга́ть"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "rastorgátʹ",
"word": "расторга́ть"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "tórhaty",
"sense": "to tear, to pull",
"word": "то́ргати"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "tŭrgati",
"word": "търгати"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "trŭgnǫti",
"word": "тръгнѫти"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "trŭgnǫti",
"word": "ⱅⱃⱏⰳⱀⱘⱅⰻ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tǎ́rgam",
"sense": "to tear, to pull",
"word": "тъ́ргам"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "тр̏гати"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "tȑgati"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "trhat"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "trhati"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "targać"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "trhať"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "torhać"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "tergać"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tergō",
"3": "",
"4": "to wipe"
},
"expansion": "Latin tergō (“to wipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्तृहति",
"t": "to crush",
"tr": "stṛháti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्तृहति (stṛháti, “to crush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trahō",
"3": "",
"4": "to drag"
},
"expansion": "Latin trahō (“to drag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐍉",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐍉 (þairkō, “hole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tergʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*terti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *terti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "terō"
},
"expansion": "Latin terō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "трогать",
"3": "",
"4": "to affect, to arouse emotionally"
},
"expansion": "Russian трогать (trogatʹ, “to affect, to arouse emotionally”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "тръгвам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian тръгвам (trǎgvam)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "тргне",
"3": "",
"4": "to depart"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian тргне (trgne, “to depart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "partire",
"3": "",
"4": "to go away"
},
"expansion": "Italian partire (“to go away”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "partir",
"3": "",
"4": "to depart"
},
"expansion": "French partir (“to depart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "partīre",
"3": "",
"4": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Latin partīre (“to separate”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The exact etymology is unclear. The dominant standpoints are:\n* Per Derksen, possibly cognate with Latin tergō (“to wipe”), with semantic distortion by influence of *dьrgati (“to tear”).\n* Per Vasmer, connected with Sanskrit स्तृहति (stṛháti, “to crush”), तृणेढि (tṛṇéḍhi, “shattered, broken”), perfect ततर्ह (tatarha), perf. pass. part. तृढ (tṛḍhá). Doubtfully connected with Latin trahō (“to drag”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐍉 (þairkō, “hole”).\n* Per Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *tergʰ-, extended version of *ter- (“to rub”), cognate with Proto-Slavic *terti, Latin terō.\nOver time, the term has undergone a semantic drift in certain thematic environments, giving rise to figurative terms such as Russian трогать (trogatʹ, “to affect, to arouse emotionally”) and Bulgarian тръгвам (trǎgvam), Macedonian тргне (trgne, “to depart”). The later semantic development is analogous with Italian partire (“to go away”), French partir (“to depart”) which descend from Latin partīre (“to separate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržeši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrževě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrživě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-j",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrgati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to tear, to pull",
"translation": "to tear, to pull",
"word": "tьrzati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to pull, to tear out",
"translation": "to pull, to tear out",
"word": "tьrgnǫti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/j-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tear"
],
"id": "en-tъrgati-sla-pro-verb-x9to7LP4",
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/j-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rip, to extort"
],
"id": "en-tъrgati-sla-pro-verb-OOSlq~KR",
"links": [
[
"rip",
"rip"
],
[
"extort",
"extort"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tъrgati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/j-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to extort",
"translation": "to extort",
"word": "jьztъrgati < *jьz + *tъrgati"
},
{
"english": "to cancel",
"translation": "to cancel",
"word": "orztъrgati < *orz + *tъrgati"
},
{
"english": "to tremor",
"translation": "to tremor",
"word": "potъrgati < *po + *tъrgati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "ottorgátʹ",
"word": "отторга́ть"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "rastorgátʹ",
"word": "расторга́ть"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "tórhaty",
"sense": "to tear, to pull",
"word": "то́ргати"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "tŭrgati",
"word": "търгати"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "trŭgnǫti",
"word": "тръгнѫти"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "trŭgnǫti",
"word": "ⱅⱃⱏⰳⱀⱘⱅⰻ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tǎ́rgam",
"sense": "to tear, to pull",
"word": "тъ́ргам"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "тр̏гати"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "tȑgati"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "trhat"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "trhati"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "targać"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "trhať"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "torhać"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "tergać"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tergō",
"3": "",
"4": "to wipe"
},
"expansion": "Latin tergō (“to wipe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्तृहति",
"t": "to crush",
"tr": "stṛháti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्तृहति (stṛháti, “to crush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trahō",
"3": "",
"4": "to drag"
},
"expansion": "Latin trahō (“to drag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐍉",
"t": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐍉 (þairkō, “hole”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tergʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tergʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*terti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *terti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "terō"
},
"expansion": "Latin terō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "трогать",
"3": "",
"4": "to affect, to arouse emotionally"
},
"expansion": "Russian трогать (trogatʹ, “to affect, to arouse emotionally”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "тръгвам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian тръгвам (trǎgvam)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "тргне",
"3": "",
"4": "to depart"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian тргне (trgne, “to depart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "partire",
"3": "",
"4": "to go away"
},
"expansion": "Italian partire (“to go away”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "partir",
"3": "",
"4": "to depart"
},
"expansion": "French partir (“to depart”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "partīre",
"3": "",
"4": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Latin partīre (“to separate”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The exact etymology is unclear. The dominant standpoints are:\n* Per Derksen, possibly cognate with Latin tergō (“to wipe”), with semantic distortion by influence of *dьrgati (“to tear”).\n* Per Vasmer, connected with Sanskrit स्तृहति (stṛháti, “to crush”), तृणेढि (tṛṇéḍhi, “shattered, broken”), perfect ततर्ह (tatarha), perf. pass. part. तृढ (tṛḍhá). Doubtfully connected with Latin trahō (“to drag”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐍉 (þairkō, “hole”).\n* Per Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *tergʰ-, extended version of *ter- (“to rub”), cognate with Proto-Slavic *terti, Latin terō.\nOver time, the term has undergone a semantic drift in certain thematic environments, giving rise to figurative terms such as Russian трогать (trogatʹ, “to affect, to arouse emotionally”) and Bulgarian тръгвам (trǎgvam), Macedonian тргне (trgne, “to depart”). The later semantic development is analogous with Italian partire (“to go away”), French partir (“to depart”) which descend from Latin partīre (“to separate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržeši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrževě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrživě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъržite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgatъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgalъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrganъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgavъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaję",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaješi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajetь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajemъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tъrgajite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-j",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrgati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to tear, to pull",
"translation": "to tear, to pull",
"word": "tьrzati"
},
{
"english": "to pull, to tear out",
"translation": "to pull, to tear out",
"word": "tьrgnǫti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to tear"
],
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to rip, to extort"
],
"links": [
[
"rip",
"rip"
],
[
"extort",
"extort"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tъrgati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tъrgati meaning in Proto-Slavic (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.