See tьma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "цьма"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тьма",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⱐⰿⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "тъма́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: тъма́ (tǎmá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: тъма́ (tǎmá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "та́ма",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: та́ма",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: та́ма"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "táma",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: táma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: táma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "təmȁ",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmȁ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "təmȁ"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmȁ (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: təmȁ (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "tma"
},
"expansion": "Czech: tma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: tma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): tma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: ćma\nPolish: ćma\nSilesian: ćma",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: ćma\nPolish: ćma\nSilesian: ćma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťåmă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ťåmă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ťåmă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "cma"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: cma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: cma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "cma"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: cma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: cma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "cma",
"3": "tma"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: cma, tma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: cma, tma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "цма"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: цма (cma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: цма (cma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "tma"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: tma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: tma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: ćma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: ćma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "śma"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: śma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: śma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Schleifer dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Schleifer dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "(Schleifer dialect): ćma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro>*tímāˀ>darkness",
"id": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tímāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tímāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temH-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tьmà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "dark",
"word": "tьmьnъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark, darkness"
],
"id": "en-tьma-sla-pro-noun-ozoSA7vt",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to torment",
"word": "tomiti"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "tьma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "цьма"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тьма",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hapax"
},
"expansion": "(hapax)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma); тъма (tŭma) (hapax)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⱐⰿⰰ",
"sc": "Glag",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "təmà",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmà",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "təmà"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmà (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: təmà (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: ćma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: ćma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "myriad"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Turkic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tümän"
},
"expansion": "Turkish tümän",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "түмөн"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz түмөн (tümön)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish tümän, Kyrgyz түмөн (tümön).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic cardinal numbers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"myriad, ten thousand"
],
"id": "en-tьma-sla-pro-noun-mvYGKxRv",
"links": [
[
"myriad",
"myriad"
],
[
"ten thousand",
"ten thousand"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "tьma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "dark",
"word": "tьmьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "цьма"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тьма",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⱐⰿⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "тъма́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: тъма́ (tǎmá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: тъма́ (tǎmá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "та́ма",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: та́ма",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: та́ма"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "táma",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: táma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: táma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "təmȁ",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmȁ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "təmȁ"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmȁ (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: təmȁ (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "tma"
},
"expansion": "Czech: tma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: tma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): tma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: ćma\nPolish: ćma\nSilesian: ćma",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: ćma\nPolish: ćma\nSilesian: ćma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťåmă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ťåmă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ťåmă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "cma"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: cma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: cma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "cma"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: cma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: cma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "cma",
"3": "tma"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: cma, tma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: cma, tma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "цма"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: цма (cma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: цма (cma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "tma"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: tma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: tma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: ćma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: ćma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "śma"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: śma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: śma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Schleifer dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Schleifer dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "(Schleifer dialect): ćma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro>*tímāˀ>darkness",
"id": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tímāˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tímāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temH-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tьmà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tь̀mě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to torment",
"word": "tomiti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dark, darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "tьma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "цьма"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "тьма"
},
"expansion": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: тьма (tʹma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тьма",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hapax"
},
"expansion": "(hapax)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma); тъма (tŭma) (hapax)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱅⱐⰿⰰ",
"sc": "Glag",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "təmà",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmà",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "təmà"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: təmà (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: təmà (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ćma"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: ćma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: ćma"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "myriad"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Turkic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "tümän"
},
"expansion": "Turkish tümän",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "түмөн"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz түмөн (tümön)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish tümän, Kyrgyz түмөн (tümön).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tьmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic cardinal numbers"
],
"glosses": [
"myriad, ten thousand"
],
"links": [
[
"myriad",
"myriad"
],
[
"ten thousand",
"ten thousand"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "tьma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tьma meaning in Proto-Slavic (13.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.