See tǫpъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to be dull",
"translation": "to be dull",
"word": "tǫpěti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tǫpostь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dullness",
"translation": "dullness",
"word": "tǫpota"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "dullhead",
"translation": "dullhead",
"word": "tǫpakъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "blockheaded, dumb",
"translation": "blockheaded, dumb",
"word": "tǫpogolvъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "tupý",
"word": "тупы́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tupój",
"word": "тупо́й"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "tupýj",
"word": "тупи́й"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "tupŭ",
"word": "тупъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "tǫpŭ",
"word": "тѫпъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "tǫpŭ",
"word": "ⱅⱘⱂⱏ"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic (Serbian recension)",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "tupŭ",
"word": "тоупъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tǎp",
"word": "тъп"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "tap",
"word": "тап"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "туп"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "tup"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "tupý"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "tupý"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "tãpi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "tępy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "tympy"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "tępy"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "tupý"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "tupy"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "tupy"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tâmp"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push, to stamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, to stamp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tamprùs",
"3": "",
"4": "tough, resilient"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tamprùs (“tough, resilient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þambr",
"3": "",
"4": "thick, swollen"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þambr (“thick, swollen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stǫpati",
"3": "",
"4": "to step onto"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stǫpati (“to step onto”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stampōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to stamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stampōną (“to stamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "twp",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Welsh twp (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from a nasal infix of Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, to stamp”) or *(s)tep- (“to beat, to thrush”). Often speculated as a cognate of Lithuanian tamprùs (“tough, resilient”), Old Norse þambr (“thick, swollen”). Possibly further akin to Proto-Slavic *stǫpati (“to step onto”), Proto-Germanic *stampōną (“to stamp”) with s-mobile. Another theory suggests a connection with Welsh twp (“stupid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tǫ̑pъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpiji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpiji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫpъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tǫpati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to beat",
"translation": "to beat",
"word": "tupati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "tendon",
"translation": "tendon",
"word": "tęptiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "stamp-mill",
"translation": "stamp-mill",
"word": "stǫpa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dull, blunt (for object)"
],
"id": "en-tǫpъ-sla-pro-adj-M8umA3Cj",
"links": [
[
"dull",
"dull"
],
[
"blunt",
"blunt"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, dumb (for person)"
],
"id": "en-tǫpъ-sla-pro-adj-sd0lcrgG",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) stupid, dumb (for person)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "tǫpъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to be dull",
"translation": "to be dull",
"word": "tǫpěti"
},
{
"word": "tǫpostь"
},
{
"english": "dullness",
"translation": "dullness",
"word": "tǫpota"
},
{
"english": "dullhead",
"translation": "dullhead",
"word": "tǫpakъ"
},
{
"english": "blockheaded, dumb",
"translation": "blockheaded, dumb",
"word": "tǫpogolvъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "tupý",
"word": "тупы́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "tupój",
"word": "тупо́й"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "tupýj",
"word": "тупи́й"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "tupŭ",
"word": "тупъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "tǫpŭ",
"word": "тѫпъ"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "tǫpŭ",
"word": "ⱅⱘⱂⱏ"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic (Serbian recension)",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "tupŭ",
"word": "тоупъ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "tǎp",
"word": "тъп"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "tap",
"word": "тап"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "туп"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "tup"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "tupý"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "tupý"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "tãpi"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "tępy"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "tympy"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "tępy"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "tupý"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "tupy"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "tupy"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tâmp"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push, to stamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, to stamp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tamprùs",
"3": "",
"4": "tough, resilient"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tamprùs (“tough, resilient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þambr",
"3": "",
"4": "thick, swollen"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þambr (“thick, swollen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stǫpati",
"3": "",
"4": "to step onto"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stǫpati (“to step onto”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stampōną",
"3": "",
"4": "to stamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stampōną (“to stamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "twp",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Welsh twp (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from a nasal infix of Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, to stamp”) or *(s)tep- (“to beat, to thrush”). Often speculated as a cognate of Lithuanian tamprùs (“tough, resilient”), Old Norse þambr (“thick, swollen”). Possibly further akin to Proto-Slavic *stǫpati (“to step onto”), Proto-Germanic *stampōną (“to stamp”) with s-mobile. Another theory suggests a connection with Welsh twp (“stupid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tǫ̑pъ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpajego",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpujemu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpǫjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpějemь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpoje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjima",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpuju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpěji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpiji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpъjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjimi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyjixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpiji",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpyję̇",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tǫpaja",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tǫpъ",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "tǫpati"
},
{
"english": "to beat",
"translation": "to beat",
"word": "tupati"
},
{
"english": "tendon",
"translation": "tendon",
"word": "tęptiva"
},
{
"english": "stamp-mill",
"translation": "stamp-mill",
"word": "stǫpa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dull, blunt (for object)"
],
"links": [
[
"dull",
"dull"
],
[
"blunt",
"blunt"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid, dumb (for person)"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
],
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) stupid, dumb (for person)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "tǫpъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tǫpъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (16.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (19bd8d3 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.