See metъla in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "metъlъka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "metъlica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "windgrass (Apera)",
"translation": "windgrass (Apera)",
"word": "metъličina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "metъlikъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "meadow-grass (Роа)",
"translation": "meadow-grass (Роа)",
"word": "metъliga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "broom-maker",
"translation": "broom-maker",
"word": "metъlařь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mjatlá",
"word": "мятла́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mjetlá",
"word": "метла́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mitlá",
"word": "мітла́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mytlá",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "мытла́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "mitlá",
"word": "мітла́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "metlá",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "метла́"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "metla",
"word": "метла"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "metlá",
"word": "метла́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "metló",
"word": "метло́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "mjatló",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "мятло́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "metŭla",
"word": "метъла"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "metlá",
"word": "метла́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "metla",
"word": "метла"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "мѐтла"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "метла̏"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "mètla"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "metlȁ"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "métla"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "metla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "metla"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "miotła"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "miotło"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "metla",
"word": "метла"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "metla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "metla"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "metlă"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "wand",
"word": "mjetla"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"word": "mjetło"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "mjetła"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "nétull"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "nétullë"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Dibër",
"Mat",
"Krujë"
],
"word": "netëll"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "meturã"
},
{
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"word": "méturę"
},
{
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"word": "métulę"
},
{
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"word": "metură"
},
{
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"word": "mietură"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "mătură"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "mătoră"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"regional or obsolete"
],
"word": "mătără"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*metula"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mesti<t:to sweep>",
"3": "*-ъla<pos:instrumental>"
},
"expansion": "*mesti (“to sweep”) + *-ъla (instrumental)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *mesti (“to sweep”) + *-ъla (instrumental).\nScholars have variously reconstructed it with *ъ or *ь. Trubachev argues that derivatives such as the Polish diminutive miotełka or the Russian diminutive метёлка (metjólka) do not provide unambiguous evidence for either *ъ or *ь. Ultimately Trubachev opts for *ъ on the basis of the /u/ found in the presumed borrowings into Albanian and Romance listed below.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "metъlà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "*metъlo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "metъla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/metъla",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to throw",
"translation": "to throw",
"word": "mesti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to toss, to throw",
"translation": "to toss, to throw",
"word": "metati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "sweeper",
"translation": "sweeper",
"word": "metъka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "parasite affecting the guts",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "parasite affecting the guts",
"word": "metyľь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to reel",
"translation": "to reel",
"word": "motati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "moth",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "moth",
"word": "motyľь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъla",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"broom, besom"
],
"id": "en-metъla-sla-pro-noun--gbHGFDb",
"links": [
[
"broom",
"broom"
],
[
"besom",
"besom"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grass plant used for making brooms"
],
"id": "en-metъla-sla-pro-noun-SA9qpr2W",
"links": [
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "metъla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ъla"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "metъlъka"
},
{
"word": "metъlica"
},
{
"english": "windgrass (Apera)",
"translation": "windgrass (Apera)",
"word": "metъličina"
},
{
"word": "metъlikъ"
},
{
"english": "meadow-grass (Роа)",
"translation": "meadow-grass (Роа)",
"word": "metъliga"
},
{
"english": "broom-maker",
"translation": "broom-maker",
"word": "metъlařь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mjatlá",
"word": "мятла́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mjetlá",
"word": "метла́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mitlá",
"word": "мітла́"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "mytlá",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "мытла́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "mitlá",
"word": "мітла́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "metlá",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "метла́"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "metla",
"word": "метла"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "metlá",
"word": "метла́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "metló",
"word": "метло́"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "mjatló",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "мятло́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "metŭla",
"word": "метъла"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "metlá",
"word": "метла́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "metla",
"word": "метла"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "мѐтла"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "метла̏"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "mètla"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "metlȁ"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "métla"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "metla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "metla"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "miotła"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "miotło"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "metla",
"word": "метла"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "metla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "metla"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "metlă"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "wand",
"word": "mjetla"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"word": "mjetło"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "mjetła"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "nétull"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "nétullë"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"Dibër",
"Mat",
"Krujë"
],
"word": "netëll"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "meturã"
},
{
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"word": "méturę"
},
{
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"word": "métulę"
},
{
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"word": "metură"
},
{
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"word": "mietură"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "mătură"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "mătoră"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"regional or obsolete"
],
"word": "mătără"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*metula"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mesti<t:to sweep>",
"3": "*-ъla<pos:instrumental>"
},
"expansion": "*mesti (“to sweep”) + *-ъla (instrumental)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *mesti (“to sweep”) + *-ъla (instrumental).\nScholars have variously reconstructed it with *ъ or *ь. Trubachev argues that derivatives such as the Polish diminutive miotełka or the Russian diminutive метёлка (metjólka) do not provide unambiguous evidence for either *ъ or *ь. Ultimately Trubachev opts for *ъ on the basis of the /u/ found in the presumed borrowings into Albanian and Romance listed below.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "metъlà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "*metъlo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "metъla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъlě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "metъly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/metъla",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to throw",
"translation": "to throw",
"word": "mesti"
},
{
"english": "to toss, to throw",
"translation": "to toss, to throw",
"word": "metati"
},
{
"english": "sweeper",
"translation": "sweeper",
"word": "metъka"
},
{
"english": "parasite affecting the guts",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "parasite affecting the guts",
"word": "metyľь"
},
{
"english": "to reel",
"translation": "to reel",
"word": "motati"
},
{
"english": "moth",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "moth",
"word": "motyľь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"broom, besom"
],
"links": [
[
"broom",
"broom"
],
[
"besom",
"besom"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grass plant used for making brooms"
],
"links": [
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "metъla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for metъla meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.