"kudo" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See kudo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Uncharacteristic o-grade s-stem, reflecting Proto-Indo-European *kówdos. Per Derksen, secondary formation from the e-grade Proto-Slavic *čudo (“wonder, miracle”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *huską, *huskaz. Etymology templates: {{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*kewd-}}, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*kówdos}} Proto-Indo-European *kówdos, {{cog|sla-pro|*čudo||wonder, miracle}} Proto-Slavic *čudo (“wonder, miracle”), {{cog|gem-pro|*huską}} Proto-Germanic *huską Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|g=n|stem=s}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kudo [nominative, singular], kudesi [dual, nominative], kudesa [nominative, plural], kudese [genitive, singular], kudesu [dual, genitive], kudesъ [genitive, plural], kudesi [dative, singular], kudesьma [dative, dual], kudesьmъ [dative, plural], kudo [accusative, singular], kudesi [accusative, dual], kudesa [accusative, plural], kudesьmь [instrumental, singular], kudesьma [dual, instrumental], kudesy [instrumental, plural], kudese [locative, singular], kudesu [dual, locative], kudesьxъ [locative, plural], kudo [singular, vocative], kudesi [dual, vocative], kudesa [plural, vocative]
  1. paranormal activity (e.g. sorcery, miracle, nearly impossible event) Tags: neuter, reconstruction Derived forms: kudesiti (english: to perform a miracle/magic), kudesьnъ (english: paranormal, miraculous), kudesьnikъ (english: mage, sorcerer) Related terms: prokuda (english: exile), kuditi (english: to prosecute, to accuse)
    Sense id: en-kudo-sla-pro-noun-07oXsyXc Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Synonyms: kudъ (alt: о-stem) (english: evil spirit), kudь (i-stem) (english: magic, paranormal activity), kudesъ (english: reanalyzed from the oblique cases), nominative, kudo, kudesi, kudesa, genitive, kudese, kudesu, kudesъ, dative, kudesьma, kudesьmъ, accusative, instrumental, kudesьmь, kudesy, locative, kudesьxъ, vocative, prokuda (english: exile), kuditi (english: to prosecute, to accuse), kudesiti (english: to perform a miracle/magic), kudesьnъ (english: paranormal, miraculous), kudesьnikъ (english: mage, sorcerer), Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) (english: куд), in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., [] (english: in Russian), Moscow: Progress, Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), in [] (english: in Russian), numbers 13 (alt: *kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 83, Derksen, Rick (2008) (english: *kudo), in (english: Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 255 Synonyms (East Slavic): кудеса́ n Npl (kudesá) (english: miracles performed through an evil force) [Russian, dialectal], ку́десь (kúdesʹ) (english: sorcery) [Russian, dialectal, feminine] Synonyms (East Slavic; Old East Slavic): кудь (kudĭ) (english: magic, sorcery) [masculine] Synonyms (West Slavic): kudyś (english: evil spirit, devil) [Polish, dialectal, masculine]

Download JSON data for kudo meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.3kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "кудь",
            "g": "m",
            "t": "magic, sorcery"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: кудь m (kudĭ, “magic, sorcery”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: кудь m (kudĭ, “magic, sorcery”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "кудеса́",
            "g": "n",
            "t": "miracles performed through an evil force"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: кудеса́ n (kudesá, “miracles performed through an evil force”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: кудеса́ n (kudesá, “miracles performed through an evil force”) Npl. (dialectal), ку́десь f (kúdesʹ, “sorcery”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kudyś",
            "g": "m",
            "t": "evil spirit, devil"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: kudyś m (“evil spirit, devil”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: kudyś m (“evil spirit, devil”) (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kówdos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kówdos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čudo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wonder, miracle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čudo (“wonder, miracle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huską"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huską",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncharacteristic o-grade s-stem, reflecting Proto-Indo-European *kówdos. Per Derksen, secondary formation from the e-grade Proto-Slavic *čudo (“wonder, miracle”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *huską, *huskaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "s-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudese",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudese",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "stem": "s"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kudo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "to perform a miracle/magic",
          "word": "kudesiti"
        },
        {
          "english": "paranormal, miraculous",
          "word": "kudesьnъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "mage, sorcerer",
          "word": "kudesьnikъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "paranormal activity (e.g. sorcery, miracle, nearly impossible event)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kudo-sla-pro-noun-07oXsyXc",
      "links": [
        [
          "paranormal",
          "paranormal"
        ],
        [
          "activity",
          "activity"
        ],
        [
          "sorcery",
          "sorcery"
        ],
        [
          "miracle",
          "miracle"
        ],
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "impossible",
          "impossible"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "exile",
          "word": "prokuda"
        },
        {
          "english": "to prosecute, to accuse",
          "word": "kuditi"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "о-stem",
          "english": "evil spirit",
          "word": "kudъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "magic, paranormal activity",
          "roman": "i-stem",
          "word": "kudь"
        },
        {
          "english": "reanalyzed from the oblique cases",
          "word": "kudesъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "nominative"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudo"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesi"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesa"
        },
        {
          "word": "genitive"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudese"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesu"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "dative"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesьma"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesьmъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "accusative"
        },
        {
          "word": "instrumental"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesьmь"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesy"
        },
        {
          "word": "locative"
        },
        {
          "word": "kudesьxъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "vocative"
        },
        {
          "english": "exile",
          "word": "prokuda"
        },
        {
          "english": "to prosecute, to accuse",
          "word": "kuditi"
        },
        {
          "english": "to perform a miracle/magic",
          "word": "kudesiti"
        },
        {
          "english": "paranormal, miraculous",
          "word": "kudesьnъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "mage, sorcerer",
          "word": "kudesьnikъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "куд",
          "urls": [
            "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
          ],
          "word": "Vasmer, Max (1964–1973)"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
          ],
          "word": "in Oleg Trubachyov"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
          ],
          "word": "transl."
        },
        {
          "english": "in Russian",
          "urls": [
            "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
          ],
          "word": "[]"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
          ],
          "word": "Moscow: Progress"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
          ],
          "word": "Trubachyov, Oleg"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
          ],
          "word": "editor (1987)"
        },
        {
          "english": "in Russian",
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
          ],
          "word": "in []"
        },
        {
          "alt": "*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti",
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
          ],
          "word": "numbers 13"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
          ],
          "word": "Moscow: Nauka"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
          ],
          "word": "page 83"
        },
        {
          "english": "*kudo",
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
            "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
          ],
          "word": "Derksen, Rick (2008)"
        },
        {
          "english": "Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4",
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
            "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
          ],
          "word": "in"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
            "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
          ],
          "word": "Leiden"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
            "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
          ],
          "word": "Boston: Brill"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
            "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
          ],
          "word": "→ISBN"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
            "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
          ],
          "word": "→ISSN"
        },
        {
          "urls": [
            "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
            "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
          ],
          "word": "page 255"
        },
        {
          "english": "magic, sorcery",
          "roman": "kudĭ",
          "sense": "East Slavic; Old East Slavic",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "кудь"
        },
        {
          "english": "miracles performed through an evil force",
          "roman": "kudesá",
          "sense": "East Slavic",
          "tags": [
            "Russian",
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "кудеса́ n Npl"
        },
        {
          "english": "sorcery",
          "roman": "kúdesʹ",
          "sense": "East Slavic",
          "tags": [
            "Russian",
            "dialectal",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ку́десь"
        },
        {
          "english": "evil spirit, devil",
          "sense": "West Slavic",
          "tags": [
            "Polish",
            "dialectal",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kudyś"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kudo"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to perform a miracle/magic",
      "word": "kudesiti"
    },
    {
      "english": "paranormal, miraculous",
      "word": "kudesьnъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "mage, sorcerer",
      "word": "kudesьnikъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "кудь",
            "g": "m",
            "t": "magic, sorcery"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: кудь m (kudĭ, “magic, sorcery”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: кудь m (kudĭ, “magic, sorcery”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "кудеса́",
            "g": "n",
            "t": "miracles performed through an evil force"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: кудеса́ n (kudesá, “miracles performed through an evil force”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: кудеса́ n (kudesá, “miracles performed through an evil force”) Npl. (dialectal), ку́десь f (kúdesʹ, “sorcery”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kudyś",
            "g": "m",
            "t": "evil spirit, devil"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: kudyś m (“evil spirit, devil”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: kudyś m (“evil spirit, devil”) (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kówdos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kówdos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čudo",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wonder, miracle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čudo (“wonder, miracle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huską"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huską",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncharacteristic o-grade s-stem, reflecting Proto-Indo-European *kówdos. Per Derksen, secondary formation from the e-grade Proto-Slavic *čudo (“wonder, miracle”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *huską, *huskaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "s-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudese",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьmъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьmь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudese",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesьxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudesa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "stem": "s"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kudo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "exile",
      "word": "prokuda"
    },
    {
      "english": "to prosecute, to accuse",
      "word": "kuditi"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic s-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewd-",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "paranormal activity (e.g. sorcery, miracle, nearly impossible event)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "paranormal",
          "paranormal"
        ],
        [
          "activity",
          "activity"
        ],
        [
          "sorcery",
          "sorcery"
        ],
        [
          "miracle",
          "miracle"
        ],
        [
          "nearly",
          "nearly"
        ],
        [
          "impossible",
          "impossible"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "alt": "о-stem",
      "english": "evil spirit",
      "word": "kudъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "magic, paranormal activity",
      "roman": "i-stem",
      "word": "kudь"
    },
    {
      "english": "reanalyzed from the oblique cases",
      "word": "kudesъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "nominative"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudo"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesi"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesa"
    },
    {
      "word": "genitive"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudese"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesu"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "dative"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesьma"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesьmъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "accusative"
    },
    {
      "word": "instrumental"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesьmь"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesy"
    },
    {
      "word": "locative"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudesьxъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "vocative"
    },
    {
      "english": "exile",
      "word": "prokuda"
    },
    {
      "english": "to prosecute, to accuse",
      "word": "kuditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "to perform a miracle/magic",
      "word": "kudesiti"
    },
    {
      "english": "paranormal, miraculous",
      "word": "kudesьnъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "mage, sorcerer",
      "word": "kudesьnikъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "magic, sorcery",
      "roman": "kudĭ",
      "sense": "East Slavic; Old East Slavic",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "кудь"
    },
    {
      "english": "miracles performed through an evil force",
      "roman": "kudesá",
      "sense": "East Slavic",
      "tags": [
        "Russian",
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "кудеса́ n Npl"
    },
    {
      "english": "sorcery",
      "roman": "kúdesʹ",
      "sense": "East Slavic",
      "tags": [
        "Russian",
        "dialectal",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ку́десь"
    },
    {
      "english": "evil spirit, devil",
      "sense": "West Slavic",
      "tags": [
        "Polish",
        "dialectal",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kudyś"
    },
    {
      "english": "куд",
      "urls": [
        "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
      ],
      "word": "Vasmer, Max (1964–1973)"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
      ],
      "word": "in Oleg Trubachyov"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
      ],
      "word": "transl."
    },
    {
      "english": "in Russian",
      "urls": [
        "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
      ],
      "word": "[]"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\\data\\ie\\vasmer&text_word=%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on"
      ],
      "word": "Moscow: Progress"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
      ],
      "word": "Trubachyov, Oleg"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
      ],
      "word": "editor (1987)"
    },
    {
      "english": "in Russian",
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
      ],
      "word": "in []"
    },
    {
      "alt": "*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti",
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
      ],
      "word": "numbers 13"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
      ],
      "word": "Moscow: Nauka"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/ESSJa/ESSJa_13/page/n82/mode/1up?view=theater"
      ],
      "word": "page 83"
    },
    {
      "english": "*kudo",
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
        "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
      ],
      "word": "Derksen, Rick (2008)"
    },
    {
      "english": "Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4",
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
        "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
      ],
      "word": "in"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
        "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
      ],
      "word": "Leiden"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
        "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
      ],
      "word": "Boston: Brill"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
        "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
      ],
      "word": "→ISBN"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
        "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
      ],
      "word": "→ISSN"
    },
    {
      "urls": [
        "https://archive.org/details/etymological-dictionary-of-the-slavic-inherited-lexicon/page/n265/mode/1up?view=theater",
        "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1574-3586"
      ],
      "word": "page 255"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kudo"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.