"kuditi" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See kuditi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti, causative/iterative from the root *kewd-, or derived from *kudъ, *kudь, *kudo (“sorcery? evil spirit?”), from the same root. Cognate with Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”), Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”), English hoot, Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”), Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”), Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”). Etymology templates: {{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*kewd-}}, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*kowdéyeti}} Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti, {{cog|grc|κυδάζω||to jeer at}} Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”), {{cog|non|hóta||to threaten}} Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”), {{cog|en|hoot}} English hoot, {{cog|goh|hosc||scorn, mockery}} Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”), {{cog|gmh|hiuzen||to become impudent}} Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”), {{cog|sa|कुत्सयति|t=to scold|tr=kutsáyati}} Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”) Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|-1|ap=a}} Forms: kùditi [canonical, imperfective], imperfective [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], kuďenьje [noun-from-verb], kuditi [infinitive], kuditъ [supine], kudilъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], kuďenъ [participle, passive, past], kudimъ [participle, passive, present], kuďь [active, participle, past], kudę [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], kudixъ [aorist, first-person, singular], kudi [aorist, second-person, singular], kudi [aorist, singular, third-person], kuďǫ [first-person, present, singular], kudiši [present, second-person, singular], kuditь [present, singular, third-person], kudixově [aorist, dual, first-person], kudista [aorist, dual, second-person], kudiste [aorist, dual, third-person], kudivě [dual, first-person, present], kudita [dual, present, second-person], kudite [dual, present, third-person], kudixomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], kudiste [aorist, plural, second-person], kudišę [aorist, plural, third-person], kudimъ [first-person, plural, present], kudite [plural, present, second-person], kudętь [plural, present, third-person], kuďaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], kuďaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], kuďaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], kudi [imperative, second-person, singular], kudi [imperative, singular, third-person], kuďaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], kuďaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], kuďaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], kudivě [dual, first-person, imperative], kudita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], kuďaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], kuďaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], kuďaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], kudimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], kudite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to prosecute Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *goniti
    Sense id: en-kuditi-sla-pro-verb-cjndc849 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-, Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 26 30 19 25 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 25 23 25 26 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 53 47 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-: 56 44 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a: 55 45
  2. to accuse, to reproach, to slander Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *xuliti, *koriti Related terms (*čudo (“miracle”)): čuditi (english: to marvel, to be surprised)
    Sense id: en-kuditi-sla-pro-verb-nWUakrS8 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 26 30 19 25 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 25 23 25 26 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 53 47 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a: 55 45 Disambiguation of '*čudo (“miracle”)': 37 63
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: jьzkuditi, nakuditi, prokuditi, perkuditi, kuditeľь (english: accuser, persecutor), kudьba (english: blasphemy) Related terms: kudo (english: sorcery? evil spirit?), kudъ, kudь (english: sorcery? evil spirit?)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "jьzkuditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nakuditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "prokuditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "perkuditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "accuser, persecutor",
      "word": "kuditeľь"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "blasphemy",
      "word": "kudьba"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "кꙋдити"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ку́дить"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "коудити"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: коудити (kuditi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: коудити (kuditi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ку́дя",
            "qq": "dialectal, poetic"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ку́дя (kúdja) (dialectal, poetic)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ку́дя (kúdja) (dialectal, poetic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "проку́дя",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: проку́дя (prokúdja)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Bulgarian: проку́дя (prokúdja)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "куди"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: куди (kudi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: куди (kudi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ку̏дити",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ку̏дити",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ку̏дити"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "kȕditi",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: kȕditi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: kȕditi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "kúditi",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kúditi",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kúditi"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kúditi (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: kúditi (tonal orthography) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przekudzić",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Polish: przekudzić",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Polish: przekudzić (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "kudiť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: kudiť",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: kudiť (Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kowdéyeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κυδάζω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to jeer at"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hóta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoot"
      },
      "expansion": "English hoot",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hosc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scorn, mockery"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "hiuzen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to become impudent"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कुत्सयति",
        "t": "to scold",
        "tr": "kutsáyati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti, causative/iterative from the root *kewd-, or derived from *kudъ, *kudь, *kudo (“sorcery? evil spirit?”), from the same root. Cognate with Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”), Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”), English hoot, Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”), Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”), Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kùditi",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďenьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuditi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuditъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudilъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďenъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudixъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudiši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuditь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudixově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudista",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudixomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudišę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuditi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sorcery? evil spirit?",
      "word": "kudo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kudъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sorcery? evil spirit?",
      "word": "kudь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 30 19 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to prosecute"
      ],
      "id": "en-kuditi-sla-pro-verb-cjndc849",
      "links": [
        [
          "prosecute",
          "prosecute"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*goniti"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 30 19 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 23 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to accuse, to reproach, to slander"
      ],
      "id": "en-kuditi-sla-pro-verb-nWUakrS8",
      "links": [
        [
          "accuse",
          "accuse"
        ],
        [
          "reproach",
          "reproach"
        ],
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "english": "to marvel, to be surprised",
          "sense": "*čudo (“miracle”)",
          "word": "čuditi"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*xuliti"
        },
        {
          "word": "*koriti"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "kuditi"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewd-",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic verbs",
    "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
    "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
    "sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
    "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "jьzkuditi"
    },
    {
      "word": "nakuditi"
    },
    {
      "word": "prokuditi"
    },
    {
      "word": "perkuditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "accuser, persecutor",
      "word": "kuditeľь"
    },
    {
      "english": "blasphemy",
      "word": "kudьba"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "кꙋдити"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ку́дить"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "коудити"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: коудити (kuditi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: коудити (kuditi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "ку́дя",
            "qq": "dialectal, poetic"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: ку́дя (kúdja) (dialectal, poetic)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: ку́дя (kúdja) (dialectal, poetic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "проку́дя",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: проку́дя (prokúdja)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Bulgarian: проку́дя (prokúdja)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "куди"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: куди (kudi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: куди (kudi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "ку̏дити",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: ку̏дити",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: ку̏дити"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "kȕditi",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: kȕditi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: kȕditi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "kúditi",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kúditi",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kúditi"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: kúditi (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: kúditi (tonal orthography) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przekudzić",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Polish: przekudzić",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Polish: przekudzić (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "kudiť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: kudiť",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: kudiť (Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kowdéyeti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κυδάζω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to jeer at"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hóta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoot"
      },
      "expansion": "English hoot",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "hosc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scorn, mockery"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "hiuzen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to become impudent"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कुत्सयति",
        "t": "to scold",
        "tr": "kutsáyati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti, causative/iterative from the root *kewd-, or derived from *kudъ, *kudь, *kudo (“sorcery? evil spirit?”), from the same root. Cognate with Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”), Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”), English hoot, Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”), Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”), Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kùditi",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďenьje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuditi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuditъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudilъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďenъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudixъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudiši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuditь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudixově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudista",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudixomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudišę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudętь",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaše",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxově",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaašeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudivě",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxomъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaašete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuďaaxǫ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudimъ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuditi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to marvel, to be surprised",
      "sense": "*čudo (“miracle”)",
      "word": "čuditi"
    },
    {
      "english": "sorcery? evil spirit?",
      "word": "kudo"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "sorcery? evil spirit?",
      "word": "kudь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to prosecute"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prosecute",
          "prosecute"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*goniti"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to accuse, to reproach, to slander"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "accuse",
          "accuse"
        ],
        [
          "reproach",
          "reproach"
        ],
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*xuliti"
        },
        {
          "word": "*koriti"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "kuditi"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kuditi meaning in Proto-Slavic (10.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.