See grupa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Polish: dial. grupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "grëpa"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: grëpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: grëpa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grubъ",
"3": "",
"4": "rough, tough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *grubъ (“rough, tough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruda",
"3": "",
"4": "lump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda (“lump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruzdь",
"3": "",
"4": "fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruzdь (“fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruša",
"3": "",
"4": "ground grain, gravel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruša (“ground grain, gravel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "*gʰrēw-",
"t": "to clump together ground material"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrēw- (“to clump together ground material”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grunduz",
"3": "",
"4": "ground"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz (“ground”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*greutą",
"3": "",
"4": "grit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χρῶμᾰ",
"3": "",
"4": "skin, complexion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (khrôma, “skin, complexion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gruppo",
"3": "",
"4": "group, cluster"
},
"expansion": "Italian gruppo (“group, cluster”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. For semantic reasons, often compared to Proto-Slavic *grubъ (“rough, tough”) and Proto-Slavic *gruda (“lump”), Proto-Slavic *gruzdь (“fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom”), Proto-Slavic *gruša (“ground grain, gravel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrēw- (“to clump together ground material”). Under this etymology, akin (via other extensions) to Proto-Germanic *grunduz (“ground”), Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”), and Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (khrôma, “skin, complexion”).\nIn most daughter languages, a homonymous lemma with similar meaning was introduced from Italian gruppo (“group, cluster”) (via German) which has surpassed the native Slavic term.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grupъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grupamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grupami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grupa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ multiple, bunch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clump, heap (of earth)"
],
"id": "en-grupa-sla-pro-noun-tJsqtg6Q",
"links": [
[
"clump",
"clump"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "clump; perhaps",
"word": "gruda"
},
{
"english": "pile (of flax); perhaps",
"word": "gruta"
},
{
"english": "rough, tough; perhaps",
"word": "grubъ"
},
{
"english": "ground grain, gravel; perhaps",
"word": "gruša"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "grupa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Polish: dial. grupa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "grëpa"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: grëpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: grëpa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grubъ",
"3": "",
"4": "rough, tough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *grubъ (“rough, tough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruda",
"3": "",
"4": "lump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda (“lump”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruzdь",
"3": "",
"4": "fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruzdь (“fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gruša",
"3": "",
"4": "ground grain, gravel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruša (“ground grain, gravel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "*gʰrēw-",
"t": "to clump together ground material"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrēw- (“to clump together ground material”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grunduz",
"3": "",
"4": "ground"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grunduz (“ground”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*greutą",
"3": "",
"4": "grit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χρῶμᾰ",
"3": "",
"4": "skin, complexion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (khrôma, “skin, complexion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gruppo",
"3": "",
"4": "group, cluster"
},
"expansion": "Italian gruppo (“group, cluster”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. For semantic reasons, often compared to Proto-Slavic *grubъ (“rough, tough”) and Proto-Slavic *gruda (“lump”), Proto-Slavic *gruzdь (“fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom”), Proto-Slavic *gruša (“ground grain, gravel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrēw- (“to clump together ground material”). Under this etymology, akin (via other extensions) to Proto-Germanic *grunduz (“ground”), Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”), and Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (khrôma, “skin, complexion”).\nIn most daughter languages, a homonymous lemma with similar meaning was introduced from Italian gruppo (“group, cluster”) (via German) which has surpassed the native Slavic term.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grupъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grupamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grupami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grupu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grupo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grupa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "clump; perhaps",
"word": "gruda"
},
{
"english": "pile (of flax); perhaps",
"word": "gruta"
},
{
"english": "rough, tough; perhaps",
"word": "grubъ"
},
{
"english": "ground grain, gravel; perhaps",
"word": "gruša"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ multiple, bunch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clump, heap (of earth)"
],
"links": [
[
"clump",
"clump"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "grupa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grupa meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.