"groziti" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See groziti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-. Cognate with Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”), Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”). Vasmer adds as possible candidates Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”), Γοργώ (Gorgṓ, “gorgon”), Irish garg, gargg (“harsh, wild”), gráin (“disgrace”) < *gragnis; however, Derksen rejects the comparison with γοργός (gorgós) as "formally impossible". Chernykh notes that Lithuanian grasà (“threat”), grasùs (“threatening”), grasìnti (“to threaten”) are often given as cognates, but the comparison is difficult because of the mismatch between Lithuanian s and Slavic *z. Etymology templates: {{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*graź-}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-, {{cog|lt|gražóti||to threaten}} Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”), {{cog|lv|gręzôt||to threaten}} Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”), {{cog|grc|γοργός||terrible}} Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”), {{cog|ga|garg}} Irish garg, {{cog|lt|grasà||threat}} Lithuanian grasà (“threat”) Inflection templates: {{sla-conj|impf|-1|ap=c}} Forms: grozìti [canonical, imperfective], imperfective [table-tags], c [accent-paradigm], groženьje [noun-from-verb], groziti [infinitive], grozitъ [supine], grozilъ [l-participle], imperfective [table-tags], c [accent-paradigm], groženъ [participle, passive, past], grozimъ [participle, passive, present], grožь [active, participle, past], grozę [active, participle, present], imperfective [table-tags], c [accent-paradigm], grozixъ [aorist, first-person, singular], grozi [aorist, second-person, singular], grozi [aorist, singular, third-person], grožǫ [first-person, present, singular], groziši [present, second-person, singular], grozitь [present, singular, third-person], grozixově [aorist, dual, first-person], grozista [aorist, dual, second-person], groziste [aorist, dual, third-person], grozivě [dual, first-person, present], grozita [dual, present, second-person], grozite [dual, present, third-person], grozixomъ [aorist, first-person, plural], groziste [aorist, plural, second-person], grozišę [aorist, plural, third-person], grozimъ [first-person, plural, present], grozite [plural, present, second-person], grozętь [plural, present, third-person], grožaaxъ [first-person, imperfect, singular], grožaaše [imperfect, second-person, singular], grožaaše [imperfect, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], grozi [imperative, second-person, singular], grozi [imperative, singular, third-person], grožaaxově [dual, first-person, imperfect], grožaašeta [dual, imperfect, second-person], grožaašete [dual, imperfect, third-person], grozivě [dual, first-person, imperative], grozita [dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, imperative, third-person], grožaaxomъ [first-person, imperfect, plural], grožaašete [imperfect, plural, second-person], grožaaxǫ [imperfect, plural, third-person], grozimъ [first-person, imperative, plural], grozite [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person]
  1. to threaten Wikipedia link: Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction Related terms: grozà (english: horror), grozьnъ (english: terrible)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "грозити"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: грозити (groziti)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "10th century"
          },
          "expansion": "(10th century)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: грозити (groziti) (10th century)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "гразі́ць"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: гразі́ць (hrazícʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: гразі́ць (hrazícʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "грози́ть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: грози́ть (grozítʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: грози́ть (grozítʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "грози́ти"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: грози́ти (hrozýty)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: грози́ти (hrozýty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "грозя́"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: грозя́ (grozjá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: грозя́ (grozjá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "грози"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: грози (grozi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: грози (grozi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гро̀зити",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гро̀зити",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гро̀зити, гро́зити"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Latin: gròziti, gróziti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "grozīti",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grozīti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grozīti"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grozīti (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: grozīti (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "hrozit"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: hrozit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: hrozit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "grozić"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: grozić",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: grozić"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "hroziť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: hroziť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: hroziť"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "grôzëc"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: grôzëc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: grôzëc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "hrozyć"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hrozyć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: hrozyć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "grozyś"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: grozyś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: grozyś"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*graź-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gražóti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gręzôt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γοργός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "terrible"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "garg"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish garg",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "grasà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "threat"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian grasà (“threat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-. Cognate with Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”), Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”). Vasmer adds as possible candidates Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”), Γοργώ (Gorgṓ, “gorgon”), Irish garg, gargg (“harsh, wild”), gráin (“disgrace”) < *gragnis; however, Derksen rejects the comparison with γοργός (gorgós) as \"formally impossible\". Chernykh notes that Lithuanian grasà (“threat”), grasùs (“threatening”), grasìnti (“to threaten”) are often given as cognates, but the comparison is difficult because of the mismatch between Lithuanian s and Slavic *z.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grozìti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groženьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozitъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozilъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groženъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozixъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziši",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozitь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozixově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozixomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozišę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozętь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1",
        "ap": "c"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/groziti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to threaten"
      ],
      "id": "en-groziti-sla-pro-verb-osDEqR2T",
      "links": [
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "horror",
          "word": "grozà"
        },
        {
          "english": "terrible",
          "word": "grozьnъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "groziti"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "грозити"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: грозити (groziti)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "10th century"
          },
          "expansion": "(10th century)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: грозити (groziti) (10th century)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "гразі́ць"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: гразі́ць (hrazícʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: гразі́ць (hrazícʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "грози́ть"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: грози́ть (grozítʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: грози́ть (grozítʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "грози́ти"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: грози́ти (hrozýty)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: грози́ти (hrozýty)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "грозя́"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: грозя́ (grozjá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: грозя́ (grozjá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "грози"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: грози (grozi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: грози (grozi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гро̀зити",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гро̀зити",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гро̀зити, гро́зити"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Latin: gròziti, gróziti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "grozīti",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grozīti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grozīti"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: grozīti (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: grozīti (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "hrozit"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: hrozit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: hrozit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "grozić"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: grozić",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: grozić"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "hroziť"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: hroziť",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: hroziť"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "grôzëc"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: grôzëc",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: grôzëc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "hrozyć"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hrozyć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: hrozyć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "grozyś"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: grozyś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: grozyś"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*graź-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "gražóti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gręzôt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to threaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γοργός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "terrible"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "garg"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish garg",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "grasà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "threat"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian grasà (“threat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *graź-. Cognate with Lithuanian gražóti (“to threaten”), Latvian gręzôt (“to threaten”). Vasmer adds as possible candidates Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrible”), Γοργώ (Gorgṓ, “gorgon”), Irish garg, gargg (“harsh, wild”), gráin (“disgrace”) < *gragnis; however, Derksen rejects the comparison with γοργός (gorgós) as \"formally impossible\". Chernykh notes that Lithuanian grasà (“threat”), grasùs (“threatening”), grasìnti (“to threaten”) are often given as cognates, but the comparison is difficult because of the mismatch between Lithuanian s and Slavic *z.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grozìti",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groženьje",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozitъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozilъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "l-participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groženъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "c",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozixъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziši",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozitь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozixově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "dual",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozixomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "groziste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozišę",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozętь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaše",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxově",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaašeta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperfect",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozivě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaašete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grožaaxǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozimъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grozite",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "-1",
        "ap": "c"
      },
      "name": "sla-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/groziti",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "horror",
      "word": "grozà"
    },
    {
      "english": "terrible",
      "word": "grozьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
        "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
        "sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to threaten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "groziti"
}

Download raw JSONL data for groziti meaning in Proto-Slavic (10.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.