See dira in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "diriti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "causative-iterative",
"word": "diřati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дира"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: дира (dira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: дира (dira)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "дира́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: дира́ (dirá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: дира́ (dirá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "дзіра́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: дзіра́ (dzirá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: дзіра́ (dzirá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дира́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дира́ (dirá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дира́ (dirá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дира",
"3": "дирꙗ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: дира (dira), дирꙗ (dirja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: дира (dira), дирꙗ (dirja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ди́ря"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ди́ря (dírja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ди́ря (dírja), dial. ди́ра (díra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "дира"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: дира (dira)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: дира (dira) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ди̏рa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ди̏рa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ди̏рa, ди̑ра"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "dȉra",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: dȉra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: dȉra, dȋra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "dírja",
"t": "trot"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dírja (“trot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: dírja (“trot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "dară"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: dară",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: dară"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dâră",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: dâră",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: dâră"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrati",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deyh₂-",
"4": "*deyH-r-",
"t": "to appear, to illuminate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deyH-r- (“to appear, to illuminate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dyrėti",
"3": "",
"4": "to look for"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dyrėti (“to look for”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the intensive stem *dir- + *-a of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).\nDerksen tentatively mentions a possible influence from Proto-Indo-European *deyH-r- (“to appear, to illuminate”), whence Lithuanian dyrėti (“to look for”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dìra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "diru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dirъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "diramъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dirami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "diru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dirasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "diraxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "diro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dira",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "derti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to tear, to flay",
"word": "dьrati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "derъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "skinning, flaying",
"word": "derьba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "tearing, split",
"word": "dorъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crack, snick, notch"
],
"id": "en-dira-sla-pro-noun-F1dQhu4J",
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"snick",
"snick"
],
[
"notch",
"notch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*rězъ"
},
{
"word": "*pazina"
},
{
"word": "*želbъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trace, trail"
],
"id": "en-dira-sla-pro-noun-qt~DpvP4",
"links": [
[
"trace",
"trace"
],
[
"trail",
"trail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) trace, trail"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*slědъ"
},
{
"word": "*traga"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ja-stem",
"word": "diřa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "enlonged e-grade",
"word": "děra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hard reflex",
"word": "dyra"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "dira"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *der-",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "diriti"
},
{
"roman": "causative-iterative",
"word": "diřati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "дира"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: дира (dira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: дира (dira)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "дира́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: дира́ (dirá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: дира́ (dirá)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "дзіра́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: дзіра́ (dzirá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: дзіра́ (dzirá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дира́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дира́ (dirá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дира́ (dirá) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дира",
"3": "дирꙗ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: дира (dira), дирꙗ (dirja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: дира (dira), дирꙗ (dirja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ди́ря"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: ди́ря (dírja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: ди́ря (dírja), dial. ди́ра (díra)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "дира"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: дира (dira)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: дира (dira) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ди̏рa",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ди̏рa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ди̏рa, ди̑ра"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "dȉra",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: dȉra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: dȉra, dȋra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "dírja",
"t": "trot"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: dírja (“trot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: dírja (“trot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "dară"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: dară",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: dară"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dâră",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: dâră",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: dâră"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьrati",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*der-",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deyh₂-",
"4": "*deyH-r-",
"t": "to appear, to illuminate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deyH-r- (“to appear, to illuminate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dyrėti",
"3": "",
"4": "to look for"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dyrėti (“to look for”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the intensive stem *dir- + *-a of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).\nDerksen tentatively mentions a possible influence from Proto-Indo-European *deyH-r- (“to appear, to illuminate”), whence Lithuanian dyrėti (“to look for”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dìra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "diru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dirъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "diramъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dirama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dirami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "diru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dirasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "diraxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "diro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dirě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "diry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dira",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "derti"
},
{
"english": "to tear, to flay",
"word": "dьrati"
},
{
"word": "derъ"
},
{
"english": "skinning, flaying",
"word": "derьba"
},
{
"english": "tearing, split",
"word": "dorъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"crack, snick, notch"
],
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"snick",
"snick"
],
[
"notch",
"notch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*rězъ"
},
{
"word": "*pazina"
},
{
"word": "*želbъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trace, trail"
],
"links": [
[
"trace",
"trace"
],
[
"trail",
"trail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) trace, trail"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*slědъ"
},
{
"word": "*traga"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ja-stem",
"word": "diřa"
},
{
"roman": "enlonged e-grade",
"word": "děra"
},
{
"english": "hard reflex",
"word": "dyra"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "dira"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dira meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.