"-tva" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See -tva in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tweh₂ Proto-Slavic *-tva From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂. By surface analysis, an a-extension of *-tъ (u-stem). Compare Proto-Germanic *-þwō. Compare also Lithuanian milžtuvė̃, Lietuvà . Etymology templates: {{etymon|sla-pro|af|inh|ine-pro>*-tweh₂>nouns|id=deverbal|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-tweh₂ Proto-Slavic *-tva, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*twāˀ}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*-tweh₂|*-tu-eh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂, {{glossary|surface analysis}} surface analysis, {{cog|gem-pro|*-þwō}} Proto-Germanic *-þwō, {{cog|lt|milžtuvė̃}} Lithuanian milžtuvė̃ Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -tva [nominative, singular], -tvě [dual, nominative], -tvy [nominative, plural], -tvy [genitive, singular], -tvu [dual, genitive], -tvъ [genitive, plural], -tvě [dative, singular], -tvama [dative, dual], -tvamъ [dative, plural], -tvǫ [accusative, singular], -tvě [accusative, dual], -tvy [accusative, plural], -tvojǫ [instrumental, singular], -tvǫ [instrumental, singular], -tvama [dual, instrumental], -tvami [instrumental, plural], -tvě [locative, singular], -tvu [dual, locative], -tvasъ [locative, plural], -tvaxъ [locative, plural], -tvo [singular, vocative], -tvě [dual, vocative], -tvy [plural, vocative], *-tьba [alternative], *-ьba [alternative], *-tvь [alternative], *-tvo [alternative]
  1. Deverbative, forming nouns denoting an act, state, result. Tags: feminine, morpheme, reconstruction Synonyms: *-ьje, *-ьba, *-ъ
    Sense id: en--tva-sla-pro-suffix-sk76OgpT Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 49 51 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 51 49 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 49 51 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 49 51
  2. Deverbative, forming nouns denoting a tool. Tags: feminine, morpheme, reconstruction Synonyms: *-dlo
    Sense id: en--tva-sla-pro-suffix-Wm00rGxw Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 49 51 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 51 49 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 49 51 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 49 51
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ьstvo, -tь
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-тва",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-ⱅⰲⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰲⰰ (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰲⰰ (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-тва",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: -тва",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: -тва"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-tva",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: -tva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: -tva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "-tva",
            "alt": "-tev"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: -tev",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: -tev (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "-tva",
            "3": "-tba"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: -tva, -tba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: -tva, -tba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "-twa"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: -twa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: -twa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "-tva"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: -tva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: -tva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "-tva"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: -tva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: -tva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "-twa"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -twa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: -twa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "-twa"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -twa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: -twa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "af",
        "3": "inh",
        "4": "ine-pro>*-tweh₂>nouns",
        "id": "deverbal",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tweh₂\nProto-Slavic *-tva",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*twāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tweh₂",
        "4": "*-tu-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "surface analysis"
      },
      "expansion": "surface analysis",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*-þwō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þwō",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "milžtuvė̃"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian milžtuvė̃",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tweh₂\nProto-Slavic *-tva\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂. By surface analysis, an a-extension of *-tъ (u-stem). Compare Proto-Germanic *-þwō.\nCompare also Lithuanian milžtuvė̃, Lietuvà .",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tva",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tьba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tvь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tvo",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-tva",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-ьstvo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-tь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with etymology trees",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "pasti (“to graze”) → *pastva (“flock”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "klęti (“to curse”) → *klętva (“curse”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "orati (“to plow”) → *oratva (“plowing”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "modliti (“to pray”) → *modlitva (“prayer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "sěti (“to sow”) → *sětva (“sowing”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "žęti (“to reap, harvest”) → *žętva (“harvest”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbative, forming nouns denoting an act, state, result."
      ],
      "id": "en--tva-sla-pro-suffix-sk76OgpT",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-ьje"
        },
        {
          "word": "*-ьba"
        },
        {
          "word": "*-ъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with etymology trees",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "briti (“to shave”) → *britva (“razor”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbative, forming nouns denoting a tool."
      ],
      "id": "en--tva-sla-pro-suffix-Wm00rGxw",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-dlo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oleg Trubachyov",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "-tva"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-тва",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-ⱅⰲⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰲⰰ (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰲⰰ (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "-тва"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: -тва (-tva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: -тва (-tva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-тва",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: -тва",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: -тва"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-tva",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: -tva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: -tva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "-tva",
            "alt": "-tev"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: -tev",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: -tev (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "-tva",
            "3": "-tba"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: -tva, -tba",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: -tva, -tba"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "-twa"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: -twa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: -twa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "-tva"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: -tva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: -tva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "-tva"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: -tva",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: -tva"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "-twa"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -twa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: -twa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "-twa"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -twa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: -twa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "af",
        "3": "inh",
        "4": "ine-pro>*-tweh₂>nouns",
        "id": "deverbal",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tweh₂\nProto-Slavic *-tva",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*twāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tweh₂",
        "4": "*-tu-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "surface analysis"
      },
      "expansion": "surface analysis",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*-þwō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þwō",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "milžtuvė̃"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian milžtuvė̃",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tweh₂\nProto-Slavic *-tva\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂. By surface analysis, an a-extension of *-tъ (u-stem). Compare Proto-Germanic *-þwō.\nCompare also Lithuanian milžtuvė̃, Lietuvà .",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tva",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tvy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tьba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-ьba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tvь",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-tvo",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-tva",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ьstvo"
    },
    {
      "word": "-tь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "pasti (“to graze”) → *pastva (“flock”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "klęti (“to curse”) → *klętva (“curse”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "orati (“to plow”) → *oratva (“plowing”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "modliti (“to pray”) → *modlitva (“prayer”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "sěti (“to sow”) → *sětva (“sowing”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "žęti (“to reap, harvest”) → *žętva (“harvest”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbative, forming nouns denoting an act, state, result."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-ьje"
        },
        {
          "word": "*-ьba"
        },
        {
          "word": "*-ъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "briti (“to shave”) → *britva (“razor”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deverbative, forming nouns denoting a tool."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-dlo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oleg Trubachyov",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "-tva"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -tva meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.