See -teľь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-cjelʹ",
"word": "-цель"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-telĭ",
"word": "-тель"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-telʹĭ",
"word": "-тел҄ь"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-telĭ",
"word": "-ⱅⰵⰾⱐ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-tel",
"word": "-тел"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-tel",
"word": "-тел"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-тељ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-telj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-telj"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-tel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "-tel"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "-cél"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ciel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-teľ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "-teľ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-śel"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-ćel"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "ine-pro>*-tḗr>agent noun",
"5": "conf",
"6": "sla-pro>*-jь>nominal",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tḗr",
"4": "*-ter-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ter-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compounded from the original athematic suffix *-tel- (still preserved in *dętelъ, *dętьlъ (“woodpecker”) and *dętelъ (“clover”)) and *-jь. Traces of the original consonantal-stem inflection are well preserved in plural forms, such as the Old Church Slavonic nominative plural -е (-e) / -ⰵ (-e), but genitive plural -ъ (-ŭ) / -ⱏ (-ŭ)).\n*-tel- formant probably continues Proto-Indo-European *-ter-, most likely as a result of dissimilation in words such as *orteľь (“plower”) < *or-tel- < *or-ter-. The alternation l : r could also be inherited, because it is already found in Proto-Indo-European, not only in common words, but also in other suffixes, such as *-tlom : *-trom, *-dʰlom : *-dʰrom, which form nomina instrumenti.\nCompare *-dlo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-teľь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-tḗr",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dati (“to give”) + *-teľь → *dateľь (“donor, giver”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "žęti + *-teľь → *žęteľь (“harvester, cropper”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bľusti (“to be awake; watch”) + *-teľь → *bľustiteľь (“guard, guardian, sentry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prositi (“to ask; beg”) + *-teľь → *prositeľь (“beggar”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dělati (“to do”) + *-teľь → *dělateľь (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prijati (“to favor, please; be favorable”) + *-teľь → *prijateľь (“friend”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forms agent nouns from the infinitive/aorist stem. Equivalent to English -er."
],
"id": "en--teľь-sla-pro-suffix-To0Xyhbp",
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "semantically similar",
"word": "-ařь"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-teľь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-cjelʹ",
"word": "-цель"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-telĭ",
"word": "-тель"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-telʹĭ",
"word": "-тел҄ь"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-telĭ",
"word": "-ⱅⰵⰾⱐ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-tel",
"word": "-тел"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-tel",
"word": "-тел"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-тељ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-telj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-telj"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-tel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "-tel"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "-cél"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ciel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "-telʹ",
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-teľ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "-teľ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-śel"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-ćel"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "ine-pro>*-tḗr>agent noun",
"5": "conf",
"6": "sla-pro>*-jь>nominal",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tḗr",
"4": "*-ter-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ter-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compounded from the original athematic suffix *-tel- (still preserved in *dętelъ, *dętьlъ (“woodpecker”) and *dętelъ (“clover”)) and *-jь. Traces of the original consonantal-stem inflection are well preserved in plural forms, such as the Old Church Slavonic nominative plural -е (-e) / -ⰵ (-e), but genitive plural -ъ (-ŭ) / -ⱏ (-ŭ)).\n*-tel- formant probably continues Proto-Indo-European *-ter-, most likely as a result of dissimilation in words such as *orteľь (“plower”) < *or-tel- < *or-ter-. The alternation l : r could also be inherited, because it is already found in Proto-Indo-European, not only in common words, but also in other suffixes, such as *-tlom : *-trom, *-dʰlom : *-dʰrom, which form nomina instrumenti.\nCompare *-dlo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-teľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-teľь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-tḗr"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dati (“to give”) + *-teľь → *dateľь (“donor, giver”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "žęti + *-teľь → *žęteľь (“harvester, cropper”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bľusti (“to be awake; watch”) + *-teľь → *bľustiteľь (“guard, guardian, sentry”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prositi (“to ask; beg”) + *-teľь → *prositeľь (“beggar”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dělati (“to do”) + *-teľь → *dělateľь (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prijati (“to favor, please; be favorable”) + *-teľь → *prijateľь (“friend”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forms agent nouns from the infinitive/aorist stem. Equivalent to English -er."
],
"links": [
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "semantically similar",
"word": "-ařь"
}
],
"word": "-teľь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -teľь meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.