See -ařь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-арь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -арь (-arĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -арь (-arĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "-аръ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: -аръ (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: -аръ (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-арь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -арь (-arʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -арь (-arʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ар҄ь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -ар҄ь (-arʹĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -ар҄ь (-arʹĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"sc": "Glag",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: [Term?]",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: [Term?]"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ар",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ар",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ар"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ar",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-ář",
"3": "-ař"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -ář, -ař",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -ář, -ař"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ář",
"3": "-ař"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ář, -ař",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ář, -ař"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "-ăr"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: -ăr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: -ăr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-arz"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -arz\nPolish: -arz",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -arz\nPolish: -arz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "-ár"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: -ár",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: -ár"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ár"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ár",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ár"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-ôrz"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -ôrz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -ôrz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-órz"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -órz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -órz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-aŕ"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -aŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -aŕ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "got",
"3": "-𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃",
"tr": "-āreis"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis), from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz or from Latin -ārius. Proto-Slavic borrowed from Gothic both the derivations (e.g. *mytařь (“tax collector”) and *bukařь (“scribe, literate man”)) and their base forms (*myto (“payment, gift”) and *buky (“beech; record; document”) which enabled synchronic morphological segmentation of the borrowed denominals and finally an analogical generalization of the *-ařь suffix for forming other denominal nouns with agentive meaning, on the basis of non-borrowed nominal stems (e.g. *kľučařь on the basis of *kľučь, *zidařь on the basis of *zidъ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ařь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "myto + *-ařь → *mytařь"
},
{
"text": "buky + *-ařь → *bukařь"
},
{
"text": "ryba + *-ařь → *rybařь"
},
{
"text": "kľučь + *-ařь → *kľučařь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er; derives agent nouns, signifying someone who is connected to something, often by trade or profession.",
"from nouns"
],
"id": "en--ařь-sla-pro-suffix-ywM2S6Xb",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "vold- + *-ařь → *voldařь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er; derives agent nouns, signifying someone who is connected to something, often by trade or profession.",
"from verbs (the present stem)"
],
"id": "en--ařь-sla-pro-suffix-ZrmLp4iq",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ařь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Gothic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Gothic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-арь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -арь (-arĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -арь (-arĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "-аръ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: -аръ (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: -аръ (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-арь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -арь (-arʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -арь (-arʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ар҄ь",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -ар҄ь (-arʹĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -ар҄ь (-arʹĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"sc": "Glag",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: [Term?]",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: [Term?]"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ар"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ар (-ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ар (-ar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ар",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ар",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ар"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ar",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-ář",
"3": "-ař"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -ář, -ař",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -ář, -ař"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ář",
"3": "-ař"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ář, -ař",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ář, -ař"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "-ăr"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: -ăr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: -ăr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-arz"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -arz\nPolish: -arz",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -arz\nPolish: -arz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "-ár"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: -ár",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: -ár"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ár"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ár",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ár"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-ôrz"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -ôrz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -ôrz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-órz"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -órz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -órz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-aŕ"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -aŕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -aŕ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "got",
"3": "-𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃",
"tr": "-āreis"
},
"expansion": "Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ārijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ārius"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ārius",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis), from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz or from Latin -ārius. Proto-Slavic borrowed from Gothic both the derivations (e.g. *mytařь (“tax collector”) and *bukařь (“scribe, literate man”)) and their base forms (*myto (“payment, gift”) and *buky (“beech; record; document”) which enabled synchronic morphological segmentation of the borrowed denominals and finally an analogical generalization of the *-ařь suffix for forming other denominal nouns with agentive meaning, on the basis of non-borrowed nominal stems (e.g. *kľučařь on the basis of *kľučь, *zidařь on the basis of *zidъ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ařa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-aři",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ařь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "myto + *-ařь → *mytařь"
},
{
"text": "buky + *-ařь → *bukařь"
},
{
"text": "ryba + *-ařь → *rybařь"
},
{
"text": "kľučь + *-ařь → *kľučařь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er; derives agent nouns, signifying someone who is connected to something, often by trade or profession.",
"from nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "vold- + *-ařь → *voldařь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er; derives agent nouns, signifying someone who is connected to something, often by trade or profession.",
"from verbs (the present stem)"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ařь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ařь meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.