See -a in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-āˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-éh₂<id:o-grade>>>",
"id": "feminine suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"feminine suffix\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_feminine_suffix\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-āˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-āˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -a",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -a",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f. Compare Lithuanian -a, Latvian -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-a f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bratranъ (“son of brother”) + *-a → *bratrana (“daughter of brother”)"
},
{
"text": "õrbъ (“(male) servant, slave”) + *-a → *ōrbà (“(female) servant, slave”)"
},
{
"text": "aščerъ (“(male) lizard”) + *-a → *aščera (“(female) lizard”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms female equivalents to masculine nouns"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-7GYBVjYO",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 3 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 0 0 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 0 5 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 1 4 4 3 2 4 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 5 4 2 2 2 5 11 4 12 11 9 4 10 2 0 2 3 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 2 19 19 15 6 15 3 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 19 19 17 7 17 5 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 20 20 18 6 18 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 21 19 6 17 4 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 21 18 6 18 4 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 19 18 6 18 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "korìti (“to force humility, submission”) + *-a → *kara (“punishment”)"
},
{
"text": "bornìti (“to defend”) + *-a → *bōrnà /*bornà (“defence; gate”)"
},
{
"text": "trāvìti (“to use, to eat”) + *-a → *trāvà (“fodder; grass”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from verbs"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-KQBWgVae",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 0 0 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 0 5 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 1 4 4 3 2 4 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 5 4 2 2 2 5 11 4 12 11 9 4 10 2 0 2 3 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 2 19 19 15 6 15 3 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 19 19 17 7 17 5 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 20 20 18 6 18 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 21 19 6 17 4 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 21 18 6 18 4 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 19 18 6 18 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros (“true”) + *-a → *vě̀ra (“belief, faith”)"
},
{
"text": "rȗdъ (“red, rufous, russet”) + *-a → *rudà (“ore”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from adjectives"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-kNs~l~Tz",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 1 2 19 19 15 6 15 3 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 19 19 17 7 17 5 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 20 20 18 6 18 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 21 19 6 17 4 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 21 18 6 18 4 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 19 18 6 18 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gȍspodь (“lord; master; host”) + *-a → *gospoda (“lords; masters; hosts”)"
},
{
"text": "čь̃rvь /*čь̑rvь (“larva”) + *-a → *čьrva (“larvas”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms collective nouns from nouns"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-4L318f0L",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms collective nouns from nouns"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w-o-s + *-a → *kava (“jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting animals from interjections"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-8XZFFRuU",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms nouns denoting animals from interjections"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-ⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "-ŏ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "-ă"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "zlw-pom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "wen"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-āˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-éh₂<id:o-grade>>>",
"id": "feminine suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"feminine suffix\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_feminine_suffix\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-āˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-āˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -a",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -a",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f. Compare Lithuanian -a, Latvian -a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-amъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-asъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-axъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-a m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 5 4 2 2 2 5 11 4 12 11 9 4 10 2 0 2 3 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 1 2 19 19 15 6 15 3 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 19 19 17 7 17 5 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 20 20 18 6 18 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 21 19 6 17 4 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 21 18 6 18 4 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 19 18 6 18 5 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "běťi (“to run”) + *-a → *běga (“runner, escaper”)"
},
{
"text": "břuzgati (“to splash; to mumble, to mutter, to murmur”) + *-a → *břuzga (“nag, moaner, crybaby”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms agent nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-AB2H-rRv",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms agent nouns from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-āˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-éh₂<id:collective nouns>>>",
"id": "plural",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"plural\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_plural\">\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "*-o"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of *-o"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-KaCYw9PZ",
"links": [
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural",
"reconstruction",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
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{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-ā<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-ead>>",
"id": "genitive",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ead\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā\nProto-Slavic *-a\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"genitive\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_genitive\">\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-ead.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ead\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā\nProto-Slavic *-a\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-ead.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of *-ъ"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-cuJKHW7B",
"links": [
[
"*-ъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъ"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "*-o"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of *-o"
],
"id": "en--a-sla-pro-suffix-kmKpuApL",
"links": [
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffix forms",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-āˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-éh₂<id:o-grade>>>",
"id": "feminine suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"feminine suffix\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_feminine_suffix\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-āˀ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-āˀ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -a",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -a",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f. Compare Lithuanian -a, Latvian -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*-a f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bratranъ (“son of brother”) + *-a → *bratrana (“daughter of brother”)"
},
{
"text": "õrbъ (“(male) servant, slave”) + *-a → *ōrbà (“(female) servant, slave”)"
},
{
"text": "aščerъ (“(male) lizard”) + *-a → *aščera (“(female) lizard”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms female equivalents to masculine nouns"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "korìti (“to force humility, submission”) + *-a → *kara (“punishment”)"
},
{
"text": "bornìti (“to defend”) + *-a → *bōrnà /*bornà (“defence; gate”)"
},
{
"text": "trāvìti (“to use, to eat”) + *-a → *trāvà (“fodder; grass”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros (“true”) + *-a → *vě̀ra (“belief, faith”)"
},
{
"text": "rȗdъ (“red, rufous, russet”) + *-a → *rudà (“ore”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from adjectives"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gȍspodь (“lord; master; host”) + *-a → *gospoda (“lords; masters; hosts”)"
},
{
"text": "čь̃rvь /*čь̑rvь (“larva”) + *-a → *čьrva (“larvas”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms collective nouns from nouns"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms collective nouns from nouns"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w-o-s + *-a → *kava (“jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns denoting animals from interjections"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms nouns denoting animals from interjections"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
{
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"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffix forms",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-ⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "-ŏ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "-ă"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "zlw-pom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "-a",
"word": "-а"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "wen"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-āˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-éh₂<id:o-grade>>>",
"id": "feminine suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"feminine suffix\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_feminine_suffix\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
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},
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{
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},
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*-āˀ"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-eh₂",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -a",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Latvian -a",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f. Compare Lithuanian -a, Latvian -a.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-amъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-asъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-axъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-a m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "běťi (“to run”) + *-a → *běga (“runner, escaper”)"
},
{
"text": "břuzgati (“to splash; to mumble, to mutter, to murmur”) + *-a → *břuzga (“nag, moaner, crybaby”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms agent nouns from verbs"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) forms agent nouns from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"rare",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
{
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"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffix forms",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-āˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-éh₂<id:collective nouns>>>",
"id": "plural",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"plural\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_plural\">\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "*-o"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural of *-o"
],
"links": [
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"plural",
"reconstruction",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffix forms",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes with multiple genders",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-ā<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-ead>>",
"id": "genitive",
"text": "*",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ead\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā\nProto-Slavic *-a\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-a\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"genitive\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-a\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_genitive\">\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-ead.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ead\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā\nProto-Slavic *-a\nInherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-ead.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "*-a",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-a",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of *-ъ"
],
"links": [
[
"*-ъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъ"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "*-o"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of *-o"
],
"links": [
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-o"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-a"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -a meaning in Proto-Slavic (16.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.