"čędo" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See čędo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Most likely of native origin: * Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-, from *(s)ken- + *-do. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”), Latin recēns (“new, fresh”), Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā), Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”), Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”). For the suffix, compare *stado (“herd, flock”) < *stati (“to stand, become”) + *-do. * ESSJa: *čędъ, *čęda, *čędo originally were deverbal adjectives from *čęti + *-dъ, parallel to *čętъ, *čęta, *čęto. Trubačev compares the voicing to that in Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ : Lithuanian tvirtas. * Martynov associates *čęd- with *čęstь (“part”), proposing original meaning “branch, descent” → “offspring”. Another theory considers Proto-Slavic *čę̀do a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą. This etymology, however, fails to explain related terms with s-mobile like Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”). Etymology templates: {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ken-do-}} Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-, {{affix|sla-pro|*-do}} *-do, {{cog|grc|καινός||new}} Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”), {{cog|la|recēns||new, fresh}} Latin recēns (“new, fresh”), {{cog|sa|कन्या}} Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā), {{cog|sga|cenél||race; people; kind}} Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”), {{cog|wlm|bachgen||boy}} Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”), {{affix|sla-pro|*stati|*-do|nocat=1|t1=to stand, become}} *stati (“to stand, become”) + *-do, {{affix|sla-pro|*čęti|*-dъ|nocat=1}} *čęti + *-dъ, {{ncog|sla-pro|*tvьrdъ}} Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, {{ncog|lt|tvirtas}} Lithuanian tvirtas, {{cog|sla-pro|*čę̀do}} Proto-Slavic *čę̀do, {{cog|gem-pro|*kinþą / *kindą}} Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą, {{cog|orv|щадок||offspring}} Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|čę̀do|ap=a}} Forms: čę̀do [canonical, neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], a [accent-paradigm], čę̀do [nominative, singular], čę̀dě [dual, nominative], čę̀da [nominative, plural], čę̀da [genitive, singular], čę̀du [dual, genitive], čę̀dъ [genitive, plural], čę̀du [dative, singular], čę̀doma [dative, dual], čę̀domъ [dative, plural], čę̀do [accusative, singular], čę̀dě [accusative, dual], čę̀da [accusative, plural], čę̀dъmь [instrumental, singular], čę̀domь [instrumental, singular], čę̀doma [dual, instrumental], čę̀dȳ [instrumental, plural], čę̀dě [locative, singular], čę̀du [dual, locative], čę̀dě̄xъ [locative, plural], čę̀do [singular, vocative], čę̀dě [dual, vocative], čę̀da [plural, vocative]
  1. offspring Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-čędo-sla-pro-noun-bPXuCc6h Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 80 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 90 10 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 96 4 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a: 97 3
  2. child Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-čędo-sla-pro-noun-3cnmaRlC
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: čędъ [masculine], čęda [feminine] Derived forms: čęditi, čędьskъ, čędьnъ (english: pristine; probably), bezčędьnъ (english: childless) Related terms: čęti (english: to mark (a tipping point)), čędь, (š)čędъkъ, konъ, konьcь (english: end), ščenę (english: young animal)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "čęditi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "čędьskъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "pristine; probably",
      "word": "čędьnъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "childless",
      "word": "bezčędьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "чадо",
            "3": "чадь"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: чадо (čado), чадь (čadĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: чадо (čado), чадь (čadĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ча́да"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ча́да (čáda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ча́да (čáda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ча́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ча́до (čádo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ча́до (čádo), dial. ча́да (čáda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "ча́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: ча́до (čádo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: ча́до (čádo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ча́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ча́до (čádo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ча́до (čádo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "чѧдо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: чѧдо (čędo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: чѧдо (čędo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱍⱔⰴⱁ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⱔⰴⱁ (čędo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⱔⰴⱁ (čędo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "че́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: че́до (čédo)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "че́ндо",
            "3": "ча́до",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "че́ндо (čéndo), ча́до (čádo) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: че́до (čédo); че́ндо (čéndo), ча́до (čádo) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "чедо"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: чедо (čedo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: чедо (čedo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "че̏до",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: че̏до",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: че̏до"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "čȅdo",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: čȅdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: čȅdo, rare čed"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: dial. čèh (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "čad",
            "3": "čád"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: čad, čád",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: čad, čád"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "čáda",
            "3": "čado",
            "4": "čiado",
            "qq": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: čáda, čado, čiado (obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: čáda, čado, čiado (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "čado",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: čado (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: čado (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ken-do-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-do"
      },
      "expansion": "*-do",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καινός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "new"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "recēns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "new, fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin recēns (“new, fresh”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कन्या"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cenél",
        "3": "",
        "4": "race; people; kind"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "bachgen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "boy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*stati",
        "3": "*-do",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to stand, become"
      },
      "expansion": "*stati (“to stand, become”) + *-do",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čęti",
        "3": "*-dъ",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*čęti + *-dъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tvьrdъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tvirtas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tvirtas",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čę̀do"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čę̀do",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kinþą / *kindą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "щадок",
        "3": "",
        "4": "offspring"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Most likely of native origin:\n* Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-, from *(s)ken- + *-do. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”), Latin recēns (“new, fresh”), Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā), Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”), Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”). For the suffix, compare *stado (“herd, flock”) < *stati (“to stand, become”) + *-do.\n* ESSJa: *čędъ, *čęda, *čędo originally were deverbal adjectives from *čęti + *-dъ, parallel to *čętъ, *čęta, *čęto. Trubačev compares the voicing to that in Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ : Lithuanian tvirtas.\n* Martynov associates *čęd- with *čęstь (“part”), proposing original meaning “branch, descent” → “offspring”.\nAnother theory considers Proto-Slavic *čę̀do a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą. This etymology, however, fails to explain related terms with s-mobile like Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀du",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀du",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀doma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀domъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀domь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀doma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dȳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀du",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě̄xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "čę̀do",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čędo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to mark (a tipping point)",
      "word": "čęti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "čędь"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "(š)čędъkъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "konъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "end",
      "word": "konьcь"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "young animal",
      "word": "ščenę"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "offspring"
      ],
      "id": "en-čędo-sla-pro-noun-bPXuCc6h",
      "links": [
        [
          "offspring",
          "offspring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "child"
      ],
      "id": "en-čędo-sla-pro-noun-3cnmaRlC",
      "links": [
        [
          "child",
          "child"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "čędъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "čęda"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "čędo"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
    "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
    "Proto-Slavic nouns",
    "sla-pro:Family"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "čęditi"
    },
    {
      "word": "čędьskъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "pristine; probably",
      "word": "čędьnъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "childless",
      "word": "bezčędьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "чадо",
            "3": "чадь"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: чадо (čado), чадь (čadĭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: чадо (čado), чадь (čadĭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ча́да"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ча́да (čáda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ча́да (čáda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "ча́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: ча́до (čádo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: ча́до (čádo), dial. ча́да (čáda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "ча́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: ча́до (čádo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: ча́до (čádo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ча́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ча́до (čádo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ча́до (čádo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "чѧдо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: чѧдо (čędo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: чѧдо (čędo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱍⱔⰴⱁ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⱔⰴⱁ (čędo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱍⱔⰴⱁ (čędo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "че́до"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: че́до (čédo)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "че́ндо",
            "3": "ча́до",
            "nolb": "1",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "че́ндо (čéndo), ча́до (čádo) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: че́до (čédo); че́ндо (čéndo), ча́до (čádo) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "чедо"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: чедо (čedo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: чедо (čedo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "че̏до",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: че̏до",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: че̏до"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "čȅdo",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: čȅdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: čȅdo, rare čed"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: dial. čèh (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "čad",
            "3": "čád"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: čad, čád",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: čad, čád"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "čáda",
            "3": "čado",
            "4": "čiado",
            "qq": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: čáda, čado, čiado (obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: čáda, čado, čiado (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "čado",
            "qq": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: čado (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: čado (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ken-do-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*-do"
      },
      "expansion": "*-do",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καινός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "new"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "recēns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "new, fresh"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin recēns (“new, fresh”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "कन्या"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cenél",
        "3": "",
        "4": "race; people; kind"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "bachgen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "boy"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*stati",
        "3": "*-do",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to stand, become"
      },
      "expansion": "*stati (“to stand, become”) + *-do",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čęti",
        "3": "*-dъ",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*čęti + *-dъ",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tvьrdъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tvirtas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tvirtas",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*čę̀do"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čę̀do",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*kinþą / *kindą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "щадок",
        "3": "",
        "4": "offspring"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Most likely of native origin:\n* Equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *ken-do-, from *(s)ken- + *-do. Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”), Latin recēns (“new, fresh”), Sanskrit कन्या (kanyā), Old Irish cenél (“race; people; kind”), Middle Welsh bachgen (“boy”). For the suffix, compare *stado (“herd, flock”) < *stati (“to stand, become”) + *-do.\n* ESSJa: *čędъ, *čęda, *čędo originally were deverbal adjectives from *čęti + *-dъ, parallel to *čętъ, *čęta, *čęto. Trubačev compares the voicing to that in Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ : Lithuanian tvirtas.\n* Martynov associates *čęd- with *čęstь (“part”), proposing original meaning “branch, descent” → “offspring”.\nAnother theory considers Proto-Slavic *čę̀do a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *kinþą / *kindą. This etymology, however, fails to explain related terms with s-mobile like Old East Slavic щадок (ščadok, “offspring”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀du",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀du",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀doma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀domъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀domь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀doma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dȳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀du",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě̄xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀do",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀dě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čę̀da",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "čę̀do",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čędo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to mark (a tipping point)",
      "word": "čęti"
    },
    {
      "word": "čędь"
    },
    {
      "word": "(š)čędъkъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "konъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "end",
      "word": "konьcь"
    },
    {
      "english": "young animal",
      "word": "ščenę"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "offspring"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "offspring",
          "offspring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "child"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "child",
          "child"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "čędъ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "čęda"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Marko Snoj",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "čędo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for čędo meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.