See -tus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -tus meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: -tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: -tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ъkъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-tъ",
"qq": "partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*-ъkъ</i>"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-tus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-tus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-þuz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-þuz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-tús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tús"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-τύς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tum",
"qq": "the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -tus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-तुम्",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(é)-tus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-tus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*(é)-tus"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-tus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-tu",
"2": "(Ø)-téw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "-sunos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tunos m, ⇒ *-tunā f",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "-συνος"
},
{
"roman": "-súnē",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tunos m, ⇒ *-tunā f",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "-σύνη"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *-tūdō",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "-tūdō"
},
{
"alt": "*-tu-eh₂ f",
"word": "-tweh₂"
},
{
"english": "-ness",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-istwa",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ьstvo"
},
{
"english": "-ness",
"roman": "-att",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-twam",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "Sanskrit: -त्व n→ Bengali: -ত্বHindi: -पन→ Hindi: -त्वPunjabi: -تّ"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-twam",
"word": "-ਅੱਤ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derives action nouns from verb roots."
],
"id": "en--tus-ine-pro-suffix-FEjwNhj0",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-tus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "-sunos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tunos m, ⇒ *-tunā f",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "-συνος"
},
{
"roman": "-súnē",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tunos m, ⇒ *-tunā f",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "-σύνη"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *-tūdō",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "-tūdō"
},
{
"alt": "*-tu-eh₂ f",
"word": "-tweh₂"
},
{
"english": "-ness",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-istwa",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ьstvo"
},
{
"english": "-ness",
"roman": "-att",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-twam",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "Sanskrit: -त्व n→ Bengali: -ত্বHindi: -पन→ Hindi: -त्वPunjabi: -تّ"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-twam",
"word": "-ਅੱਤ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: -tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: -tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ъkъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-tъ",
"qq": "partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*-ъkъ</i>"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-tus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-tus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-þuz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-þuz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-tús"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tús",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tús"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-τύς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-tus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tum",
"qq": "the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -tus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -tus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-तुम्",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(é)-tus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-tus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-tums",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-téwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Ø-túmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*(é)-tus"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-tus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-tu",
"2": "(Ø)-téw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic tu-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Derives action nouns from verb roots."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-tus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.