See -os in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -os meaning in Proto-Indo-European (12.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-os (s-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-az"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-az",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-az (z-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-os (s-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ος (-os)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ος (-os)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-ehen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-ehen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-ehen (< alternative locative form *-esen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ειν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ειν (-ein)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ειν (-ein)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: -a",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: -a, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -a",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "-as",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -a, -as"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-o (s-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-as"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "-os"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: -os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: -os"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-us",
"id": "neuter s-stem suf"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -us",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -us"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ezi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ezi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ezi (< locative ending *-esi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -ere",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-us",
"3": "-erī",
"id": "neuter s-stem suf"
},
"expansion": "-erī",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -ere, -erī"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*-ʉh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *-ʉh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *-ʉh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-ë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: -ë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: -ë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-ëri"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: -ëri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: -ëri"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xil",
"2": "*-urio"
},
"expansion": "Illyrian: *-urio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Illyrian: *-urio"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(é)-os",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-esoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-esu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-esmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n",
"head": "*(é)-os"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-os n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-os",
"2": "(é)-es",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "< **(é)-es-s",
"word": "(é)-ēs"
},
{
"alt": "< **(é)-os-s",
"word": "(é)-ōs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--os-ine-pro-suffix-ine_pro:athematic",
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:athematic"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-os"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hittite: a-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: o-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: o-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: a-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: o-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τόμος-type nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: a-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Italic: o-stem nouns"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(ó)-os",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-oms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*(ó)-os"
},
"expansion": "*(ó)-os m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(ó)-o"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or result of that verb."
],
"id": "en--os-ine-pro-suffix-ine_pro:thematic",
"related": [
{
"word": "(o)-ós"
},
{
"word": "(o)-éh₂"
}
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:thematic"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-os"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic neuter s-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "< **(é)-es-s",
"word": "(é)-ēs"
},
{
"alt": "< **(é)-os-s",
"word": "(é)-ōs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *-os (s-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-az"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-az",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-az (z-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-os (s-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ος (-os)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ος (-os)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-ehen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-ehen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-ehen (< alternative locative form *-esen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ειν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -ειν (-ein)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -ειν (-ein)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: -a",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: -a, -s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: -a",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "-as",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: -a, -as"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-o",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-o (s-stem nouns)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-as"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "-os"
},
"expansion": "Old Latin: -os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Latin: -os"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-us",
"id": "neuter s-stem suf"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -us",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -us"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ezi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ezi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ezi (< locative ending *-esi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ere"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -ere",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-us",
"3": "-erī",
"id": "neuter s-stem suf"
},
"expansion": "-erī",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -ere, -erī"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*-ʉh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *-ʉh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *-ʉh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-ë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: -ë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: -ë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-ëri"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: -ëri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: -ëri"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xil",
"2": "*-urio"
},
"expansion": "Illyrian: *-urio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Illyrian: *-urio"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(é)-os",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-esoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-esu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-esh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-esmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "é-esmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n",
"head": "*(é)-os"
},
"expansion": "*(é)-os n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(é)-os",
"2": "(é)-es",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
],
[
"result noun",
"result noun#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:athematic"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-os"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic neuter s-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hittite: a-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: o-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: o-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: a-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: o-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τόμος-type nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: a-stem nouns"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Italic: o-stem nouns"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "(ó)-os",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-oms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ó-ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m",
"head": "*(ó)-os"
},
"expansion": "*(ó)-os m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "(ó)-o"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "(o)-ós"
},
{
"word": "(o)-éh₂"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or result of that verb."
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:thematic"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-os"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.